Chen Peigen, Liu Qianru, Shi Hao, Liu Ziyu, Yang Xing
Reproductive Medicine Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
GuangDong Engineering Technology Research Center of Fertility Preservation, Guangzhou, China.
Mol Biol Rep. 2025 Mar 6;52(1):285. doi: 10.1007/s11033-025-10392-8.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer, potentially mediated by vaginal microbiota dysbiosis and hormonal disturbances. This study investigates how hormonal imbalances in PCOS patients affect the vaginal microbiome and choline metabolism, thereby influencing endometrial cancer risk.
In this observational study, 70 women were enrolled, including 36 with PCOS and 34 controls. We analyzed their vaginal microbiota, lipid metabolism, and endometrial transcriptome using 16S rRNA sequencing, untargeted lipidomics, and transcriptomic sequencing.
The PCOS group showed significant differences in vaginal microbiota composition, notably an increase in LPS-producing Prevotella spp. Functional analyses indicated activation of LPS biosynthesis and inflammatory signaling pathways. Lipidomics revealed disrupted choline metabolism, with alterations in phosphocholine and total choline levels. Transcriptomic data highlighted the up-regulation of inflammatory and metabolic dysregulation pathways.
Hormonal imbalances in PCOS contribute to significant changes in the vaginal microbiome and metabolic pathways, increasing the risk of endometrial cancer. These findings suggest potential therapeutic targets for reducing cancer risk in this population.
多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）是一种内分泌紊乱疾病，与子宫内膜癌风险增加相关，可能由阴道微生物群失调和激素紊乱介导。本研究调查PCOS患者的激素失衡如何影响阴道微生物群和胆碱代谢，从而影响子宫内膜癌风险。
在这项观察性研究中，招募了70名女性，包括36名PCOS患者和34名对照。我们使用16S rRNA测序、非靶向脂质组学和转录组测序分析了她们的阴道微生物群、脂质代谢和子宫内膜转录组。
PCOS组在阴道微生物群组成上存在显著差异，特别是产脂多糖的普氏菌属增加。功能分析表明脂多糖生物合成和炎症信号通路被激活。脂质组学显示胆碱代谢紊乱，磷酸胆碱和总胆碱水平发生改变。转录组数据突出了炎症和代谢失调途径的上调。
PCOS中的激素失衡导致阴道微生物群和代谢途径发生显著变化，增加了子宫内膜癌的风险。这些发现提示了降低该人群癌症风险的潜在治疗靶点。
