Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials for Polymer-Based Packaging Applications: A Colloidal Perspective.

The integration of two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials into polymer-based packaging presents a promising avenue for sustainable, high-performance materials. This perspective explores the roles of colloidal interactions in the assembly of 2D materials into thin films for packaging applications. We begin by analyzing the types of colloidal forces present in 2D nanomaterials and their impact on dispersion and stability. We then explore how these colloidal forces can be modulated through chemical structure, ionic intercalation, and shear forces, influencing the stacking behavior and orientation of 2D materials within the films. The incorporation of these 2D materials into polymer-based packaging systems is also considered, with a focus on how surface functionalization and dispersion techniques enhance their interaction with the polymer matrix to improve barrier properties against gases and moisture, increase mechanical strength, and impart antimicrobial effects. This work underscores the critical role of colloidal interactions in optimizing the design and performance of 2D-nanomaterial-based packaging for sustainable development.