Arnow P M, Weil D, Para M F
J Infect Dis. 1985 Jul;152(1):145-51. doi: 10.1093/infdis/152.1.145.
A culture survey of hot-tap water systems in 95 apartments and houses in one area of Chicago showed that 30 (32%) were contaminated by Legionella pneumophila, ranging in concentration from 1 to 10(4) organisms/liter. Culture-positive and -negative systems differed significantly only in hot-tap water temperature (P less than .005), which was less than 60 C for all positive specimens. A questionnaire and serosurvey of a subject at each residence showed no cases of pneumonia while he or she lived in the residence and no association of high titers of antibodies to L. pneumophila with positive tap water cultures. Virulence of selected tap water isolates of L. pneumophila in embryonated eggs was similar to that of clinical isolates. In the area studied, residential hot-tap water systems maintained at less than 60 C are frequently contaminated by L. pneumophila, but systems with low levels of contamination (less than or equal to 10(4) organisms/liter) appear not to be an important source of infection of healthy individuals.
对芝加哥某一地区95套公寓和住宅的热自来水系统进行的培养调查显示，30套（32%）被嗜肺军团菌污染，浓度范围为每升1至10⁴个菌体。培养阳性和阴性的系统仅在热自来水温度方面有显著差异（P小于0.005），所有阳性样本的水温均低于60摄氏度。对每个住所的一名受试者进行问卷调查和血清学调查，结果显示在居住期间无肺炎病例，且针对嗜肺军团菌的高滴度抗体与自来水培养阳性无关联。从自来水中分离出的部分嗜肺军团菌菌株在鸡胚中的毒力与临床分离株相似。在所研究的地区，温度维持在60摄氏度以下的住宅热自来水系统经常被嗜肺军团菌污染，但污染水平较低（小于或等于每升10⁴个菌体）的系统似乎并非健康个体的重要感染源。
