Ghazy Ramy Mohamed, Mohammed Yasmine Yousry, Tolba Basma, Ahmed Hebatalla Abdelmaksoud, Gebreal Assem, Modawy Alaa Yahia Fadle, Ahmed Marwa Omer Mudawi Mohamed, Elehamer Nafisa M K, Adam Mohammed Fathelrahman Mohammed Ahmed, Al-Qahtani Faisal Saeed, Hussein Mohamed Fakhry
Family and Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
Tropical Health Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
Medicine (Baltimore). 2025 Mar 14;104(11):e41553. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000041553.
Armed conflicts have profound effects on mental health, including elevated rates of depression and anxiety among affected populations. The ongoing civil conflict in Sudan since April 2023 has exacerbated these challenges. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and identify the determinants of depression and anxiety among Sudanese residents affected by the ongoing civil conflict. This cross-sectional study was conducted between April 1st and May 30, 2024. Data were collected through online surveys and face-to-face interviews. The validated Arabic versions of the Beck Depression Inventory and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale were used to assess depression and anxiety levels, respectively. In total, 920 Sudanese participants were included with a mean age of 35.0 ± 12.2 years; 52.3% were females and 90.1% had migrated due to civil conflicts. Of the participants, 99.3% and 98.6% reported varying levels of depression and anxiety, respectively. Predictors of depression were female sex (β = 4.71, P < .0001), living in the Eastern state (β = 4.13, P < .0001), living in a rural area (β = 2.33, P = .012), noncompletion of formal education (β = 7.36, P = .026), working individuals (β = -5.58, P < .0001), larger household sizes (16-20 members) (β = 6.79, P = .026), sufficient income (β = -10.22, P < .0001), those with the ability to save money (β = -11.56, P < .0001), and individuals with insufficient income (β = -5.61, P < .0001). The predictors of anxiety were being female (β = 6.05, P < .0001), and noncompletion of formal education (β = 7.11, P = .024), current working (β = -5.56, P < .0001), larger household sizes (16-20 members) (β = 6.12, P = .035), sufficient income ((β = -5.60, P < .0001), ability to save money (β = -5.52, P = .004), and insufficient income (β = -2.60, P = .006). These findings underscore the impact of war on mental health. Effective humanitarian interventions targeting vulnerable groups and addressing socioeconomic determinants are critical for mitigating the psychological toll of ongoing conflict in Sudan.
武装冲突对心理健康有深远影响，包括受影响人群中抑郁症和焦虑症发病率上升。自2023年4月以来苏丹持续的内战加剧了这些挑战。本研究旨在确定受当前内战影响的苏丹居民中抑郁症和焦虑症的患病率，并找出其决定因素。这项横断面研究于2024年4月1日至5月30日进行。数据通过在线调查和面对面访谈收集。分别使用经过验证的阿拉伯语版贝克抑郁量表和汉密尔顿焦虑量表来评估抑郁和焦虑水平。总共纳入了920名苏丹参与者，平均年龄为35.0±12.2岁；52.3%为女性，90.1%因内战而迁移。在参与者中，分别有99.3%和98.6%报告有不同程度的抑郁和焦虑。抑郁症的预测因素为女性（β = 4.71，P <.0001）、居住在东部州（β = 4.13，P <.0001）、居住在农村地区（β = 2.33，P =.012）、未完成正规教育（β = 7.36，P =.026）、有工作的人（β = -5.58，P <.0001）、家庭规模较大（16 - 20人）（β = 6.79，P =.026）、收入充足（β = -10.22，P <.0001）、有存钱能力的人（β = -11.56，P <.0001）以及收入不足的人（β = -5.61，P <.0001）。焦虑症的预测因素为女性（β = 6.05，P <.0001）、未完成正规教育（β = 7.11，P =.024）、目前有工作（β = -5.56，P <.0001）、家庭规模较大（16 - 20人）（β = 6.12，P =.035）、收入充足（β = -5.60，P <.0001）、有存钱能力（β = -5.52，P =.004）以及收入不足（β = -2.60，P =.006）。这些发现强调了战争对心理健康的影响。针对弱势群体并解决社会经济决定因素的有效人道主义干预措施对于减轻苏丹持续冲突造成的心理创伤至关重要。
