Priyadarshini Anisha, Dash Jeevan Ranjan
Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, CVSc and AH, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751003, India.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 2025 Mar 18. doi: 10.1007/s12011-025-04575-4.
Environmental pollution, particularly that caused by heavy metals, is a significant global concern in the current period of globalisation and possess a substantial risk to human and animal health through food chain. There have also been reports of heavy metal contamination of cattle and buffalo milk from various parts of India, including Tamilnadu, the Mumbai suburbs, and Northern Gujarat. However, no research has been done to determine whether cow milk from the study area in the state of Odisha contains heavy metal residues. Residue of heavy metals (arsenic, lead, cadmium, mercury and cobalt) in raw cow milk samples collected from three major cities of Odisha was studied. Arsenic was not detected in any of the milk samples. In the milk samples from Bhubaneswar, lead was detected higher than the permissible limit recommended by Codex standard and FSSAI, cadmium was detected close to the permissible limit recommended by Codex standard but below the limit recommended by FSSAI, cobalt and mercury were detected below the permissible limit recommended by Codex standard and FSSAI. In Cuttack and Puri, lead was detected close to the recommended permissible limit but other metals (viz. cadmium, cobalt and mercury) were below the recommended permissible limit. Among the three cities, heavy metals were detected highest in the milk samples from Bhubaneswar than Cuttack and Puri. Three of Odisha's largest cities-Bhubaneswar, Cuttack, and Puri-are rapidly becoming more urbanized and industrialized, with populations and automobiles increasing. This might contaminate water and soil, which would then poison the food chain. This could be the primary way that heavy metals enter the animal body, which would then contaminate milk and animal food. The Pb and Cd residues detected in cow milk from the study areas were alarming. It suggested that the cows reared by Goalas in these study areas do not produce environmentally safe and suitable milk for human consumption.
环境污染，尤其是由重金属造成的污染，在当前全球化时期是一个重大的全球问题，并且通过食物链对人类和动物健康构成重大风险。印度各地，包括泰米尔纳德邦、孟买郊区和古吉拉特邦北部，都有关于牛和水牛奶重金属污染的报道。然而，尚未开展研究来确定奥里萨邦研究区域的牛奶是否含有重金属残留。对从奥里萨邦三个主要城市采集的生牛奶样本中的重金属（砷、铅、镉、汞和钴）残留进行了研究。在任何牛奶样本中均未检测到砷。在布巴内斯瓦尔的牛奶样本中，检测到的铅含量高于食品法典标准和印度食品安全标准局推荐的允许限量，检测到的镉含量接近食品法典标准推荐的允许限量，但低于印度食品安全标准局推荐的限量，检测到的钴和汞含量低于食品法典标准和印度食品安全标准局推荐的允许限量。在科塔克和普里，检测到的铅含量接近推荐的允许限量，但其他金属（即镉、钴和汞）低于推荐的允许限量。在这三个城市中，布巴内斯瓦尔牛奶样本中的重金属含量高于科塔克和普里。奥里萨邦最大的三个城市——布巴内斯瓦尔、科塔克和普里——正迅速变得更加城市化和工业化，人口和汽车数量不断增加。这可能会污染水和土壤，进而毒害食物链。这可能是重金属进入动物体内的主要途径，然后会污染牛奶和动物食品。在研究区域的牛奶中检测到的铅和镉残留令人担忧。这表明这些研究区域的戈亚人饲养的奶牛产出的牛奶对人类消费而言在环境方面不安全且不合适。
