Xu Xin, Qiu Yunxiu, Chen Chen-Yu, Carton Molly, Campbell Paige M R, Chowdhury A Muhaymin, Bandyopadhyay Bidhan C, Bentley William E, Smith Bryan Ronain, Sochol Ryan D
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Michigan State University, East Lan-sing, MI, 48824, USA.
Lab Chip. 2025 Apr 8;25(8):1947-1958. doi: 10.1039/d4lc01051e.
Microvessels (, capillaries) are ubiquitous throughout human anatomy, yet recreating their three-dimensional (3D) microfluidic and architectural sophistication at biologically accurate length scales has remained a critical challenge. To overcome this barrier, here we report a hybrid additive manufacturing-or "3D printing"-strategy in which "Two-Photon Direct Laser Writing (DLW)" is used to nanoprint microvessels of arbitrary design directly atop "Liquid-Crystal Display (LCD)" 3D-printed microfluidic chips. Fabrication results indicated effective production of 100 μm-diameter 3D polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic vessels with 5 μm-thick walls-featuring arrays of pre-designed 5 μm-diameter micropores-as well as three discrete spiralled, intertwined microvessels. Experimental results with MDA-MB-231 epithelial breast cancer cells revealed the ability for the 3D PDMS microvessels to support cell culture. In combination, these results suggest that the presented strategy for 3D nanoprinting PDMS microvessels with custom-designed architectures and microporosity offers a promising pathway to enable new classes of "organ-on-a-chip (OOC)" systems for wide-ranging biomedical applications.
微血管（即毛细血管）在人体解剖结构中无处不在，然而，要在生物学精确的长度尺度上重现其三维（3D）微流体和结构复杂性仍然是一项重大挑战。为了克服这一障碍，我们在此报告一种混合增材制造——即“3D打印”——策略，其中“双光子直接激光写入（DLW）”用于在“液晶显示器（LCD）”3D打印的微流体芯片上直接纳米打印任意设计的微血管。制造结果表明，成功生产出了直径为100μm、壁厚为5μm的3D聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）微流体血管，其具有预先设计的直径为5μm的微孔阵列，以及三个离散的螺旋状、相互缠绕的微血管。对MDA-MB-231上皮性乳腺癌细胞的实验结果表明，3D PDMS微血管具有支持细胞培养的能力。综合来看，这些结果表明，所提出的用于3D纳米打印具有定制设计架构和微孔率的PDMS微血管的策略，为实现用于广泛生物医学应用的新型“芯片上器官（OOC）”系统提供了一条有前景的途径。
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