Timilsina Dilasha, Gupta Swati
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kathmandu Medical College, Kathmandu, NPL.
Cureus. 2025 Feb 22;17(2):e79444. doi: 10.7759/cureus.79444. eCollection 2025 Feb.
Congenital anomalies are a major health problem and are responsible for a significant proportion of morbidity and mortality in newborns. The objective of this study was to find the prevalence and type of congenital anomalies along with the presence of factors responsible for their development among antenatal women and pregnancies delivered at Kathmandu Medical College.
This was a cross-sectional study conducted over a period of nine months in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kathmandu Medical College. All congenital anomaly cases detected antenatally or at delivery were included in the study. Cases were analyzed to find out the prevalence, types of anomalies, and the risk factors involved.
During the study period, 86 congenital anomalies were seen in 1565 cases of delivery and termination of pregnancy, showing a prevalence of 5.49%. Anomalies of the central nervous system (CNS) were the most common (n=29,33.72%) followed by the circulatory system (n=19, 22.10%). Congenital anomalies were mostly diagnosed by prenatal ultrasonography in 68 cases (79%). Among the cases of congenital anomalies, 56 (65%) had termination of pregnancy, 28 (32.60%) were live birth and two (2.40%) were stillborn. The maternal factor that was studied showed that congenital anomalies are frequently seen in the age group of 26-30 years (n=30,34.88%) and multiparous women (n=52, 60.47%).
The prevalence of congenital anomalies was high, and CNS anomalies were the most common anomaly observed in this study.
先天性异常是一个主要的健康问题，在新生儿发病和死亡中占很大比例。本研究的目的是找出加德满都医学院产前妇女及分娩孕妇中先天性异常的患病率、类型以及导致其发生的相关因素。
这是一项在加德满都医学院妇产科进行的为期九个月的横断面研究。所有产前或分娩时检测出的先天性异常病例均纳入研究。对病例进行分析以找出患病率、异常类型及相关危险因素。
在研究期间，1565例分娩和终止妊娠病例中发现86例先天性异常，患病率为5.49%。中枢神经系统（CNS）异常最为常见（n = 29，33.72%），其次是循环系统（n = 19，22.10%）。68例（79%）先天性异常主要通过产前超声诊断。在先天性异常病例中，56例（65%）终止妊娠，28例（32.60%）为活产，2例（2.40%）为死产。所研究的母亲因素表明，先天性异常在26 - 30岁年龄组（n = 30，34.88%）和经产妇（n = 52，60.47%）中较为常见。
先天性异常的患病率较高，中枢神经系统异常是本研究中观察到的最常见异常。
