Pampani Priyanka, Shenoy Santhosh, Anegundi Raghavendra Vamsi, Shekar Magesh Kumar, Dharani Kalaiselvan, Fathima Lubna
Department of Periodontics and Implantology, Adhiparasakthi Dental College and Hospital, Chengalpattu, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Department of Periodontics, A. B. Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, NITTE Deemed to be University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.
J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2024 Sep-Oct;28(5):569-574. doi: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_198_24. Epub 2025 Feb 26.
This study aimed to estimate and compare salivary sodium, potassium, and calcium levels in periodontal health and disease.
A total of 150 patients were selected based on selection criteria. The selected patients underwent complete periodontal examination and were categorized into three groups - Group A, Group B, and Group C. Group A (control group) consisted of 50 patients with healthy subjects. Group B (gingivitis group) consists of 50 patients with gingivitis. Group C (periodontitis group) consists of 50 patients with Stage II/III periodontitis. Gingival index, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment loss were measured and recorded. The unstimulated whole saliva was collected and sent for biochemical analysis using colorimetric and modified Arsenazo III method.
A statistical comparison of salivary sodium, potassium, and calcium levels was analyzed among the three groups by a one-way Analysis of Variance test. Tukey test was used for pair-wise statistical comparison among the groups. Salivary sodium, potassium, and calcium levels between the groups showed a statistically significant difference with < 0.001. value was statistically higher when Group A (healthy group) compared with Group C (periodontitis) than Group A (healthy group) compared with Group B (gingivitis).
Within the limitation of the current study, there was an increase in Group C (periodontitis group) concentration levels of salivary sodium, potassium, and calcium ions, which showed a statistically significant difference. However, additional studies are necessary to investigate these findings, and future periodontal research should include larger sample sizes with prospective and experimental study designs.
The assessment of these inorganic ions can be effectively utilized as a significant diagnostic marker of active disease in periodontal tissues. It would help the clinician identify the risk of developing periodontitis.
本研究旨在评估和比较牙周健康与疾病状态下唾液中钠、钾和钙的水平。
根据入选标准共选取150例患者。所选患者接受全面的牙周检查，并分为三组——A组、B组和C组。A组（对照组）由50例健康受试者组成。B组（牙龈炎组）由50例牙龈炎患者组成。C组（牙周炎组）由50例II/III期牙周炎患者组成。测量并记录牙龈指数、探诊深度和临床附着丧失情况。收集未刺激的全唾液，采用比色法和改良偶氮胂III法进行生化分析。
采用单因素方差分析对三组唾液中钠、钾和钙水平进行统计学比较。采用Tukey检验进行组间两两统计学比较。三组间唾液钠、钾和钙水平差异有统计学意义，P<0.001。与B组（牙龈炎组）相比，A组（健康组）与C组（牙周炎组）比较时P值在统计学上更高。
在本研究的局限性范围内，C组（牙周炎组）唾液中钠、钾和钙离子浓度升高，差异有统计学意义。然而，需要进一步研究来探讨这些发现，未来的牙周研究应纳入更大样本量，并采用前瞻性和实验性研究设计。
这些无机离子的评估可有效用作牙周组织活动性疾病的重要诊断标志物。这将有助于临床医生识别患牙周炎的风险。
