Martín-Miguel Iván, Muñoz Diego, Conde-Ripoll Rafael, Bustamante-Sánchez Álvaro, Sánchez-Alcaraz Bernardino J, Escudero-Tena Adrián
Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain.
Department of Sports Science, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Sports, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain.
Sports (Basel). 2025 Mar 4;13(3):75. doi: 10.3390/sports13030075.
The aim of this scoping review was to examine the existing literature on padel among young players (under 18) and classify its main research areas. A systematic search in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science identified 16 studies on teaching methodologies, psychological characteristics, physiological demands, physical attributes, and gameplay parameters. This review provides the first comprehensive synthesis of research on youth padel. The findings suggest that a search-based teaching methodology enhances skill acquisition more effectively than traditional methods. Modifying the court dimensions (20 × 10 m to 10 × 6 m) and ball pressure optimizes learning in early training (~8-10 years). At advanced levels, training with professional players increases motivation and performance. The psychological analysis shows higher self-confidence and lower cognitive and somatic anxiety, with boys exhibiting greater somatic anxiety than girls, highlighting the need for sex-specific psychological strategies. The physiological findings establish reference values, with a higher VO2max in boys and younger players. In physical performance, boys outperform girls in terms of jump height and strength, while girls excel in agility. The gameplay analysis reveals that the rally duration increases with the skill level (7-9 s in beginners, 9-12 s in national players), the stroke frequency varies by level (from 4 at initiation level to 6-9 at regional and national levels), and there are differences in specific technical actions (forehand and backhand for initiation level, volleys for advanced level, and bandeja to finish points). From a practical standpoint, these insights can help coaches to tailor training strategies by considering a player's age, sex, and competitive level, optimizing youth padel performance.
本综述的目的是研究关于青少年（18岁以下）壁球运动的现有文献，并对其主要研究领域进行分类。在PubMed、Scopus和Web of Science上进行的系统检索，共识别出16项关于教学方法、心理特征、生理需求、身体属性和比赛参数的研究。本综述首次对青少年壁球运动的研究进行了全面综合。研究结果表明，基于搜索的教学方法比传统方法能更有效地提高技能习得。将球场尺寸（20×10米改为10×6米）和球的压力进行调整，可优化早期训练（约8 - 10岁）阶段的学习效果。在高级水平阶段，与职业球员一起训练可提高动力和表现。心理分析显示，青少年壁球运动员具有更高的自信心，认知和躯体焦虑较低，男孩的躯体焦虑高于女孩，这突出表明需要针对性别的心理策略。生理研究结果确定了参考值，男孩和年轻球员的最大摄氧量较高。在身体表现方面，男孩在跳跃高度和力量上优于女孩，而女孩在敏捷性方面表现出色。比赛分析表明，回合持续时间随技能水平增加（初学者为7 - 9秒，国家运动员为9 - 12秒），击球频率因水平而异（入门级为4次，地区和国家级别为6 - 9次），并且在特定技术动作上存在差异（入门级为正手和反手，高级为截击，以及用“bandeja”结束得分）。从实际角度来看，这些见解可帮助教练根据球员的年龄、性别和竞争水平调整训练策略，优化青少年壁球运动表现。
