Guliy Olga I, Evstigneeva Stella S
Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms - Subdivision of the Federal State Budgetary Research Institution Saratov Federal Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IBPPM RAS), 410049 Saratov, Russia.
Front Biosci (Elite Ed). 2024 Dec 3;16(4):36. doi: 10.31083/j.fbe1604036.
Since infections associated with microbial communities threaten human health, research is increasingly focusing on the development of biofilms and strategies to combat them. Bacterial communities may include bacteria of one or several species. Therefore, examining all the microbes and identifying individual community bacteria responsible for the infectious process is important. Rapid and accurate detection of bacterial pathogens is paramount in healthcare, food safety, and environmental monitoring. Here, we analyze biofilm composition and describe the main groups of pathogens whose presence in a microbial community leads to infection (, ., ., bacteria of the HACEK, etc.). Particular attention is paid to bacterial communities that can lead to the development of device-associated infections, damage, and disruption of the normal functioning of medical devices, such as cardiovascular implants, biliary stents, neurological, orthopedic, urological and penile implants, etc. Special consideration is given to tissue-located bacterial biofilms in the oral cavity, lungs and lower respiratory tract, upper respiratory tract, middle ear, cardiovascular system, skeletal system, wound surface, and urogenital system. We also describe methods used to analyze the bacterial composition in biofilms, such as microbiologically testing, staining, microcolony formation, cellular and extracellular biofilm components, and other methods. Finally, we present ways to reduce the incidence of biofilm-caused infections.
由于与微生物群落相关的感染威胁人类健康，研究越来越聚焦于生物膜的形成以及对抗生物膜的策略。细菌群落可能包含一种或几种细菌。因此，检查所有微生物并识别导致感染过程的单个群落细菌非常重要。在医疗保健、食品安全和环境监测中，快速准确地检测细菌病原体至关重要。在此，我们分析生物膜组成，并描述微生物群落中存在哪些主要病原体群体会导致感染（例如，HACEK菌群等细菌）。特别关注那些可能导致与器械相关感染、损害并破坏医疗设备正常功能的细菌群落，如心血管植入物、胆道支架、神经科、骨科、泌尿科和阴茎植入物等。口腔、肺部和下呼吸道、上呼吸道、中耳、心血管系统、骨骼系统、伤口表面和泌尿生殖系统中位于组织内的细菌生物膜也受到特别关注。我们还描述了用于分析生物膜中细菌组成的方法，如微生物检测、染色、微菌落形成、细胞和细胞外生物膜成分以及其他方法。最后，我们提出了降低生物膜引起感染发生率的方法。
