Yousefi Morteza, Adineh Hossein, Al Sulivany Basim S A, Gholamalipour Alamdari Ebrahim, Yilmaz Sevdan, Mahboub Heba H, Hoseini Seyyed Morteza
Department of Veterinary Medicine, RUDN University, Miklukho-Maklaya St., 117198 Moscow, Russia.
Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad Kavous 4971799151, Golestan, Iran.
Animals (Basel). 2025 Mar 20;15(6):895. doi: 10.3390/ani15060895.
Herbal feed additives have benefits in aquaculture, as they can improve growth performance, welfare, and stress resistance. Hence, the effects of dietary extract (PFE) on the growth parameters, digestive enzyme activity, antioxidant defense, innate immunity responses, and resistance to ammonia stress in the common carp, , were studied. Fish (15.14 ± 0.72 g) were fed on diets without the PFE (PFE0) or those fortified with 0.5% (PFE0.5), 1% (PFE1), or 2% (PFE2) PFE for 60 days and then subjected to ammonia stress for 24 h. The growth rate, feed efficiency, and amylase-, lipase-, and protease-specific activities in the PFE1 and PFE2 treatments showed significant elevations compared to these values in PFE0. The intestinal protease-specific activity significantly increased in all of the PFE treatments compared to that in the PFE0 treatment. Serum total protein and immunoglobulin significantly increased in the PFE1 treatment, whereas serum albumin and alternative complement activity significantly increased in the PFE2 treatment compared to these values in the PFE0 treatment. The PFE2 treatment significantly mitigated post-stress elevations in serum cortisol, glucose, malondialdehyde levels, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase activities. The PFE1 treatment significantly mitigated post-stress elevations in CAT activity and decreases in SOD and lysozyme activity. In conclusion, 1-2% dietary PFE supplementation can improve the growth performance, health, and resilience to environmental stressors of the common carp.
草药饲料添加剂在水产养殖中具有益处，因为它们可以提高生长性能、福利水平和抗应激能力。因此，本研究探讨了饲料提取物（PFE）对鲤鱼生长参数、消化酶活性、抗氧化防御、先天免疫反应以及对氨应激的抵抗力的影响。将体重为（15.14±0.72克）的鱼投喂不含PFE的饲料（PFE0）或添加0.5%（PFE0.5）、1%（PFE1）或2%（PFE2）PFE的饲料，持续60天，然后进行24小时的氨应激处理。与PFE0处理相比，PFE1和PFE2处理中的生长率、饲料效率以及淀粉酶、脂肪酶和蛋白酶的特异性活性均显著提高。与PFE0处理相比，所有PFE处理中的肠道蛋白酶特异性活性均显著增加。PFE1处理中血清总蛋白和免疫球蛋白显著增加，而与PFE0处理相比，PFE2处理中血清白蛋白和替代补体活性显著增加。PFE2处理显著减轻了应激后血清皮质醇、葡萄糖、丙二醛水平、丙氨酸转氨酶和天冬氨酸转氨酶活性的升高。PFE1处理显著减轻了应激后CAT活性的升高以及SOD和溶菌酶活性的降低。总之，在饲料中添加1-2%的PFE可以提高鲤鱼的生长性能、健康状况和对环境应激源的恢复力。
