Almarri Salem Hamad, Khalil Alshimaa A, Mansour Abdallah Tageldein, El-Houseiny Walaa
Fish and Animal Production and Aquaculture Department, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt.
Animals (Basel). 2023 Feb 19;13(4):746. doi: 10.3390/ani13040746.
Plant extracts are a phytochemically-rich alternative to antibiotic and synthetic feed additives, with high systemic bioactivity in animals. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of a hydroalcoholic extract of custard apple () leaf (ASLE) on the growth, hematobiochemical parameters, digestive enzyme activities, redox status, nonspecific immune response, and cold and bacterial infection tolerance in Nile tilapia (). A total of 300 Nile tilapia fingerlings (11.87 ± 0.48 g) were fed ASLE-supplemented diets at increasing levels of 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 g/kg for 60 days. At the end of the feeding period, the fish were experimentally challenged with cold water stress or , and mortalities were recorded for 10 days. The results revealed that the growth performance and feed conversion ratio were significantly improved with an increasing level of ASLE supplementation. The hematologic profile and hepato-renal functions were retained within a healthy range in the various groups supplemented with an ASLE diet. Antioxidant status was significantly improved in the serum of fish fed ASLE-supplemented diets, in terms of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activities, reduced glutathione, and total antioxidant capacity. Meanwhile, the myeloperoxidase (MPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels decreased significantly. Similarly, there was a noticeable improvement in the hepatic CAT and SOD activities and a reduction of hepatic MDA. Marked improvements in lysozyme activity, nitric oxide production, complement3 level, and phagocytic activity were recorded in groups fed ASLE-supplemented diets, which peaked with the 20 g ASLE/kg diet. Moreover, the serum glucose and cortisol levels significantly declined in groups fed ASLE at levels of 15-20 g/kg compared to the other groups. Supplementation with ASLE increased the activities of protease, lipase, and α-amylase. ASLE supplementation at a concentration of 10-20 g/kg diet enhanced the resistance of Nile tilapia to infection. According to this study, ASLE supplementation enhanced the antioxidant balance, non-specific immune response, physiological status, resistance against infection, and growth performance of Nile tilapia at supplementation levels of 10-20 g/kg diet.
植物提取物是一种富含植物化学成分的物质，可替代抗生素和合成饲料添加剂，在动物体内具有较高的全身生物活性。本研究旨在评估番荔枝叶水醇提取物（ASLE）对尼罗罗非鱼生长、血液生化参数、消化酶活性、氧化还原状态、非特异性免疫反应以及对寒冷和细菌感染耐受性的影响。总共300尾尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼（11.87±0.48克）被投喂添加了不同水平（0、5、10、15和20克/千克）ASLE的饲料，持续60天。在投喂期结束时，对鱼进行冷水应激或[此处原文缺失某种应激因素，暂无法准确翻译]实验性挑战，并记录10天内的死亡率。结果显示，随着ASLE添加水平的增加，生长性能和饲料转化率显著提高。在添加ASLE饲料的各个组中，血液学指标和肝肾功能保持在健康范围内。在投喂添加ASLE饲料的鱼血清中，超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性、还原型谷胱甘肽和总抗氧化能力方面，抗氧化状态显著改善。同时，髓过氧化物酶（MPO）和丙二醛（MDA）水平显著降低。同样，肝脏中CAT和SOD活性明显提高，肝脏MDA减少。在投喂添加ASLE饲料的组中，溶菌酶活性、一氧化氮产生、补体3水平和吞噬活性有显著改善，在ASLE添加量为20克/千克饲料时达到峰值。此外，与其他组相比，在15 - 20克/千克ASLE添加水平的组中，血清葡萄糖和皮质醇水平显著下降。添加ASLE提高了蛋白酶、脂肪酶和α -淀粉酶的活性。在饲料中添加浓度为10 - 20克/千克的ASLE增强了尼罗罗非鱼对[此处原文缺失某种感染因素，暂无法准确翻译]感染的抵抗力。根据本研究，在饲料中添加10 - 20克/千克的ASLE可增强尼罗罗非鱼的抗氧化平衡、非特异性免疫反应、生理状态、抗感染能力和生长性能。
