Gosavi Arundhati, Kanneganti Abhiram, Khoo Eng Tat, Singh Kuldip, Shen Liang, Rauff Mary, Liu Chang, Choolani Mahesh
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University Centre for Women and Children (NUWoC), National University Health System, Singapore.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2025 Aug;170(2):681-690. doi: 10.1002/ijgo.70053. Epub 2025 Mar 29.
To compare knowledge acquisition and domain-specific feedback between virtual reality (VR) and mannequin-based simulation for teaching medical students normal vaginal delivery (NVD).
We conducted a cluster randomized crossover study comparing a novel in-house-developed NVD VR simulator utilizing an Oculus® Quest 2 HMD with the PROMPT Flex® mannequin. We randomly assigned medical student clinical groups to either VR or mannequin simulation. Participants took an 11-item knowledge quiz before and after their first simulation before crossing over to the alternate simulation. Participants took a six-domain, 14-item feedback questionnaire evaluating both simulations. The primary outcome was percentage improvement in knowledge scores, while the secondary outcome was adjusted mean difference in mean feedback scores between each simulation.
Twenty clinical groups comprising 111 medical students participated. There was no difference in either arm for baseline characteristics and pre-simulation knowledge scores. Medical students undergoing VR simulation had significantly higher overall post-simulation mean percentage correct scores (79.0% vs. 54.0%; P < 0.001). The mannequin simulator had significantly higher feedback scores (61.0 vs. 58.3; adjusted mean difference 2.45 [95% confidence interval 0.95-3.95]; P = 0.002) and in five of six domains. A total of 40.5% of respondents preferred the mannequin simulation, 4.5% preferred the VR simulation, and 42.5% preferred a mixture of the two.
Our novel VR NVD simulator was superior to traditional mannequin simulation in content delivery. As more respondents preferred a mixed approach over any single method, VR simulation could complement legacy mannequin simulation methods by serving as a primer or a distance-learning tool and help increase skill birth attendant training.
比较虚拟现实（VR）和基于人体模型的模拟教学法在医学生正常阴道分娩（NVD）教学中的知识获取情况和特定领域反馈。
我们进行了一项整群随机交叉研究，将一种新的内部开发的使用Oculus® Quest 2头戴式显示器的NVD VR模拟器与PROMPT Flex®人体模型进行比较。我们将医学生临床小组随机分为VR组或人体模型模拟组。参与者在第一次模拟前后以及交叉到另一种模拟之前都进行了一次11项知识测验。参与者还填写了一份六领域、14项的反馈问卷，对两种模拟进行评估。主要结果是知识得分的提高百分比，次要结果是每种模拟之间反馈得分的调整后平均差异。
20个临床小组共111名医学生参与。两组的基线特征和模拟前知识得分无差异。接受VR模拟的医学生模拟后总体平均正确得分百分比显著更高（79.0%对54.0%；P < 0.001）。人体模型模拟器的反馈得分显著更高（61.0对58.3；调整后平均差异2.45 [95%置信区间0.95 - 3.95]；P = 0.002），并且在六个领域中的五个领域也是如此。共有40.5%的受访者更喜欢人体模型模拟，4.5%更喜欢VR模拟，42.5%更喜欢两者结合。
我们新的VR NVD模拟器在内容传授方面优于传统人体模型模拟。由于更多受访者更喜欢混合方法而非任何单一方法，VR模拟可以作为传统人体模型模拟方法的补充，作为入门工具或远程学习工具，有助于增加助产技能培训。
