De Guzman Roselle, Schiller Joan
Manila Central University - FDT Medical Foundation Hospital, Caloocan City, Philippines.
Oncology Advocates United for Climate and Health International, Vienna, Virginia, USA.
BMJ Oncol. 2025 Mar 25;4(1):e000535. doi: 10.1136/bmjonc-2024-000535. eCollection 2025.
Air pollution is an under-recognised global health threat linked to an increased risk of cancers and is due primarily to the burning of fossil fuels. This review provides a high-level overview of the associations between outdoor and indoor air pollution and cancer risk and outcomes. Outdoor air pollutants are largely due to the burning of fossil fuels from human activities, although there is growing data implicating outdoor pollution from wildfire smoke. Indoor air pollution is primarily caused by burning solid fuel sources such as wood, coal and charcoal for household cooking and heating. There is a growing number of pieces of evidence linking exposure to pollution and the risk of developing cancers. The strongest evidence is seen on the positive association of air pollution, particularly particulate matter 2.5 with lung cancer. Emerging data implicate exposure to pollutants in the development of breast, gastrointestinal and other cancers. The mechanisms underlying these associations include oxidative stress, inflammation and direct DNA damage facilitated by pollutant absorption and distribution in the body. References were identified through a PubMed search for articles published in 2000 to October 2024 using the terms 'air pollution' or 'pollutants' and 'carcinoma' or ''cancer'. Air pollution poses significant risks to health. Its health impacts, including cancer risks, are often underestimated. Hazardous pollutants have been studied in several epidemiological cohort studies. Despite the mounting evidence, air pollution is often overlooked in predictive cancer risk models and public health intervention.
空气污染是一种未得到充分认识的全球健康威胁，与癌症风险增加相关，主要归因于化石燃料的燃烧。本综述对室外和室内空气污染与癌症风险及后果之间的关联进行了高层次概述。室外空气污染物主要源于人类活动中化石燃料的燃烧，不过越来越多的数据表明野火烟雾造成的室外污染也有影响。室内空气污染主要是由家用烹饪和取暖时燃烧木材、煤炭和木炭等固体燃料源所致。越来越多的证据将接触污染与患癌风险联系起来。最有力的证据是空气污染，尤其是细颗粒物2.5与肺癌的正相关。新出现的数据表明接触污染物与乳腺癌、胃肠道癌和其他癌症的发生有关。这些关联背后的机制包括氧化应激、炎症以及污染物在体内的吸收和分布所促成的直接DNA损伤。通过PubMed搜索确定参考文献，搜索条件为2000年至2024年10月发表的使用“空气污染”或“污染物”以及“癌”或“癌症”等术语的文章。空气污染对健康构成重大风险。其对健康的影响，包括癌症风险，往往被低估。在多项流行病学队列研究中对有害污染物进行了研究。尽管证据越来越多，但空气污染在预测性癌症风险模型和公共卫生干预中常常被忽视。
