Li Manyu, Song Zeyu, Wan Wenjun, Zhou Haiwei
Division I of In Vitro Diagnostics for Infectious Diseases, Institute for In Vitro Diagnostics Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, 2 Tiantanxili Rd, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100050, China.
NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Medical Devices, Beijing, China.
Respir Res. 2025 Apr 2;26(1):125. doi: 10.1186/s12931-025-03197-7.
The assessment of lower respiratory infection (LRI) mortality, incidence, and responsible pathogens in China provides a scientific basis for the prevention and management of LRI, especially for evaluating the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We provide a national estimate of the non-COVID-19 LRI burden and trends on people from 1990 to 2021 based on Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2021.
We estimated China's mortality, incidence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), risk factors and aetiology attribution for LRI without including COVID-19 by using the estimated data of GBD study 2021. Mortality, incidence, DALYs, risk factors and aetiology were stratified by sex and age. Trends were evaluated using estimated annual percentage change.
In 2021, it is estimated that there were 206930.22 deaths (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 171260.88-251990.47), with all-age mortality rate of 14.54 deaths (95% UI: 12.04-17.71) per 100,000 population. Compared to 2019, the all-age mortality rate had a 3.60% increase. Analyzing risk factors from 1990 to 2021, we found that the percentage of DALYs attributed to tobacco increased from 7.44% (95% UI: 1.26-15.72%) to 22.14% (95% UI: 3.28-38.41%), and that attributable to ambient particulate matter pollution increased from 19.84% (95% UI: 8.79-30.20%) to 32.72% (95% UI: 22.78-41.77%). The leading cause of mortality from LRIs remains Streptococcus pneumoniae from 1990 to 2021. However, the proportions of viral infections decreased. Compared to 2019, the proportion of deaths in 2021 caused by Influenza decreased from 13.03 to 2.70%, and the proportion of deaths due to RSV decreased from 2.21 to 0.41%.
In China, substantial progress has been made in reducing LRI mortality, yet LRIs have remained a threat in China from 1990 to 2021. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the mortality attributable to Influenza and RSV declined. Effective vaccines and treatments targeted at the main pathogens of LRI are important.
Not applicable.
评估中国下呼吸道感染（LRI）的死亡率、发病率及致病病原体，可为LRI的预防和管理提供科学依据，尤其是用于评估2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的影响。我们基于《2021年全球疾病负担（GBD）研究》，对1990年至2021年期间中国非COVID-19的LRI负担及趋势进行全国性估算。
我们利用《2021年全球疾病负担研究》的估算数据，对不包括COVID-19的中国LRI死亡率、发病率、伤残调整生命年（DALYs）、风险因素及病因归因进行估算。死亡率、发病率、DALYs、风险因素及病因按性别和年龄分层。采用估算的年百分比变化评估趋势。
2021年，估计有206930.22例死亡（95%不确定区间[UI]：171260.88 - 251990.47），全年龄段死亡率为每10万人中有14.54例死亡（95% UI：12.04 - 17.71）。与2019年相比，全年龄段死亡率上升了3.60%。分析1990年至2021年的风险因素，我们发现归因于烟草的DALYs百分比从7.44%（95% UI：1.26 - 15.72%）增至22.14%（95% UI：3.28 - 38.41%），归因于环境颗粒物污染的百分比从19.84%（95% UI：8.79 - 30.20%）增至32.72%（95% UI：22.78 - 41.77%）。1990年至2021年期间，LRI导致死亡的主要原因仍是肺炎链球菌。然而，病毒感染的比例有所下降。与2019年相比，2021年因流感导致的死亡比例从13.03降至2.70%，因呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）导致的死亡比例从2.21降至0.41%。
在中国，降低LRI死亡率已取得显著进展，但1990年至2021年期间LRI在中国仍然是一个威胁。在COVID-19大流行期间，归因于流感和RSV的死亡率下降。针对LRI主要病原体的有效疫苗和治疗方法很重要。
不适用。
