Yousefi Elham, Abedi Mehdi, Aghajanzadeh Tahereh A, Moreno Diego A
Department of Range Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran Province, Iran.
Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.
Sci Rep. 2025 Apr 7;15(1):11893. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-97298-4.
Caper bush (Capparis spinosa) is a naturally grown species in different soils. To gain insight into the impact of various soil conditions on nutritional and phytochemical properties, aerial parts of caper bush (C. spinosa) were collected from gypsum and non-gypsum soils in southern Iran. Colorimetric analyses of antioxidant compounds (total phenolics and flavonoids) and antioxidant capacity tests (DPPH, FRAP, ABTS) were carried out, and intact aliphatic and indolic glucosinolates (predominant aliphatic glucocapparin) were analyzed by HPLC-DAD method. Based on the findings, plant parts and sites significantly impacted most parameters. The highest TPC values were observed in the petals in gypsum soil and the lowest in the non-gypsum soil seeds by 2317.78 and 635.06 mg/kg FW, respectively. Likewise, the highest TFC was recorded in the non-gypsum soil leaves and the lowest in the non-gypsum soil seeds by 401.06 and 55.61 Qu mg/kg FW, respectively. The highest and lowest FRAP values were observed in the leaves in gypsum (0.94) and the pistils in gypsum soil (0.80), respectively. Regarding ABTS values, the flags in the non-gypsum and gypsum sites showed the highest and lowest values of 89.51 and 78.40%, respectively. High DPPH values were recorded for most parts. The highest amount of glucocapparin was found in the pistils in gypsum, and the lowest was in the petals in gypsum soil by 35.81 and 21.65 µmol/g DW, respectively. The gypsum sites showed higher values for most of the studied parameters. The PCA results showed that pistils were associated with glucocapparin, petals with DPPH, and the leaves and sepals with TPC, FRAP, ABTS, and TFC. The majority of studied factors correlated well with TPC. Our results supported the potential of caper bush (C. spinosa) as a underexploited food rich in bioactivephytochemicals adapted to harsh soil conditions, with the potential for implementation in agroecosystems with adverse environmental conditions with the potential of better adaptation for securing the access to plant-derived foods.
刺山柑（Capparis spinosa）是一种生长在不同土壤中的天然物种。为了深入了解各种土壤条件对其营养和植物化学特性的影响，从伊朗南部的石膏土和非石膏土中采集了刺山柑（C. spinosa）的地上部分。进行了抗氧化化合物（总酚和黄酮类）的比色分析以及抗氧化能力测试（DPPH、FRAP、ABTS），并通过HPLC-DAD法分析了完整的脂肪族和吲哚族芥子油苷（主要为脂肪族的葡萄糖水芹素）。基于这些发现，植物部位和生长地点对大多数参数有显著影响。石膏土花瓣中的总酚含量最高，为2317.78 mg/kg鲜重，非石膏土种子中的最低，为635.06 mg/kg鲜重。同样，非石膏土叶片中的总黄酮含量最高，为401.06 Qu mg/kg鲜重，非石膏土种子中的最低，为55.61 Qu mg/kg鲜重。FRAP值最高的是石膏土中的叶片（0.94），最低的是石膏土中的雌蕊（0.80）。关于ABTS值，非石膏土和石膏土生长地点的旗叶分别显示出最高值89.51%和最低值78.40%。大多数部位的DPPH值较高。石膏土中雌蕊的葡萄糖水芹素含量最高，石膏土花瓣中的最低，分别为35.81和21.65 μmol/g干重。石膏土生长地点的大多数研究参数值较高。主成分分析结果表明，雌蕊与葡萄糖水芹素相关，花瓣与DPPH相关，叶片和萼片与总酚、FRAP、ABTS和总黄酮相关。大多数研究因素与总酚相关性良好。我们的研究结果支持了刺山柑（C. spinosa）作为一种未充分开发的富含生物活性植物化学物质的食物的潜力，它能适应恶劣的土壤条件，有可能在环境条件不利的农业生态系统中实施，具有更好的适应潜力，以确保获得植物源性食物。
