Fleming Jennifer A, Petersen Kristina S, Kris-Etherton Penny M, Baer David J
Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.
USDA/ARS/BHNRC Food Components and Health Lab, Beltsville, MD, United States.
Curr Dev Nutr. 2025 Feb 22;9(4):104573. doi: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.104573. eCollection 2025 Apr.
The Mediterranean (MED) dietary pattern improves cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Increased central systolic blood pressure and arterial stiffness are independent predictors of CVD. The effect of a MED diet on these measures of vascular health has not been investigated.
The aim was to evaluate the effects of a MED diet incorporating 0.5 oz./d (MED0.5), 2.5 oz./d (MED2.5) and 5.5 oz./d (MED5.5) of lean beef compared with an Average American diet (AAD) on vascular health [brachial and central blood pressure, pulse wave velocity (PWV), and augmentation index].
A multicenter, 4-period randomized, crossover, controlled-feeding study was conducted at Penn State University and USDA, Beltsville. In random sequence order, participants consumed each test diet for 4 wk. Vascular outcomes were assessed at baseline and the end of each diet period. Linear mixed models were used for analyses.
Between-diet differences were observed for peripheral and central blood pressure as well as PWV ( 0.05). PWV was lower following MED0.5 [-0.24 m/s; 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.44, -0.04] and MED2.5 (-0.27 m/s; 95% CI: -0.47, -0.07) compared with the AAD; PWV was nominally lower after the MED5.5 compared with the AAD (-0.20 m/s; 95% CI: -0.40, 0.003; = 0.055). Central systolic blood pressure was lower following the MED0.5 (-3.24 mmHg; 95% CI: -5.22, -1.27) and MED2.5 (-2.93 mmHg; 95% CI: -4.91, -0.96) compared with the AAD. A similar pattern was observed for central diastolic pressure. Brachial systolic and diastolic pressure were lower following all 3 MED diets compared with the AAD ( 0.05).
Compared with an AAD, MED diets containing 0.5 and 2.5 oz./d of lean beef improved brachial and central systolic and diastolic blood pressure and arterial stiffness. Our findings suggest that a MED diet with ≤5.5 oz./d of lean beef does not adversely affect vascular function.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02723617.
地中海（MED）饮食模式可改善心血管疾病（CVD）风险因素。中心收缩压升高和动脉僵硬度增加是心血管疾病的独立预测因素。MED饮食对这些血管健康指标的影响尚未得到研究。
旨在评估与美国平均饮食（AAD）相比，摄入0.5盎司/天（MED0.5）、2.5盎司/天（MED2.5）和5.5盎司/天（MED5.5）瘦牛肉的MED饮食对血管健康[肱动脉和中心血压、脉搏波速度（PWV）和增强指数]的影响。
在宾夕法尼亚州立大学和美国农业部贝尔茨维尔农业研究中心进行了一项多中心、4期随机、交叉、对照喂养研究。参与者按照随机顺序依次食用每种试验饮食4周。在基线和每个饮食期结束时评估血管结局。采用线性混合模型进行分析。
观察到外周和中心血压以及PWV在不同饮食之间存在差异（P<0.05）。与AAD相比，MED0.5组[−0.24 m/s；95%置信区间（CI）：−0.44，−0.04]和MED2.5组（−0.27 m/s；95%CI：−0.47，−0.07）的PWV较低；与AAD相比，MED5.5组后的PWV名义上较低（−0.20 m/s；95%CI：−0.40，0.003；P = 0.055）。与AAD相比，MED0.5组（−3.24 mmHg；95%CI：−5.22，−1.27）和MED2.5组（−2.93 mmHg；95%CI：−4.91，−0.96）的中心收缩压较低。中心舒张压也观察到类似模式。与AAD相比，所有3种MED饮食后的肱动脉收缩压和舒张压均较低（P<0.05）。
与AAD相比，每天摄入0.5和2.5盎司瘦牛肉的MED饮食可改善肱动脉和中心收缩压、舒张压以及动脉僵硬度。我们的研究结果表明，每天摄入≤5.5盎司瘦牛肉的MED饮食不会对血管功能产生不利影响。
该试验已在clinicaltrials.gov上注册，注册号为NCT02723617。
