Roussell M A, Hill A M, Gaugler T L, West S G, Ulbrecht J S, Vanden Heuvel J P, Gillies P J, Kris-Etherton P M
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
Department of Statistics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
J Hum Hypertens. 2014 Oct;28(10):600-5. doi: 10.1038/jhh.2014.34. Epub 2014 Jun 19.
A DASH (dietary approaches to stop hypertension) dietary pattern rich in fruits and vegetables and low-fat dairy products with increased dietary protein provided primarily from plant protein sources decreases blood pressure. No studies, however, have evaluated the effects of a DASH-like diet with increased dietary protein from lean beef on blood pressure and vascular health. The aim of this study was to study the effect of DASH-like diets that provided different amounts of protein from lean beef (DASH 28 g beef per day; beef in an optimal lean diet (BOLD) 113 g beef per day; beef in an optimal lean diet plus additional protein (BOLD+) 153 g beef per day) on blood pressure, endothelial function and vascular reactivity versus a healthy American diet (HAD). Using a randomized, crossover study design, 36 normotensive participants (systolic blood pressure (SBP), 116 ± 3.6 mm Hg) were fed four isocaloric diets,: HAD (33% total fat, 12% saturated fatty acids (SFA), 17% protein (PRO), 20 g beef per day), DASH (27% total fat, 6% SFA, 18% PRO, 28 g beef per day), BOLD (28% total fat, 6% SFA, 19% PRO, 113 g beef per day) and BOLD+ (28% total fat, 6% SFA, 27% PRO, 153 g beef per day), for 5 weeks. SBP decreased (P<0.05) in subjects on the BOLD+ diet (111.4 ± 1.9 mm Hg) versus HAD (115.7 ± 1.9). There were no significant effects of the DASH and BOLD diets on SBP. Augmentation index (AI) was significantly reduced in participants on the BOLD diet (-4.1%). There were no significant effects of the dietary treatments on diastolic blood pressure or endothelial function (as measured by peripheral arterial tonometry). A moderate protein DASH-like diet including lean beef decreased SBP in normotensive individuals. The inclusion of lean beef in a heart healthy diet also reduced peripheral vascular constriction.
富含水果、蔬菜和低脂乳制品且膳食蛋白质主要来源于植物蛋白源的得舒饮食（DASH，Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension）模式可降低血压。然而，尚无研究评估增加瘦牛肉提供的膳食蛋白质的类似得舒饮食对血压和血管健康的影响。本研究的目的是研究提供不同量瘦牛肉蛋白质的类似得舒饮食（得舒饮食：每天28克牛肉；最佳瘦肉饮食（BOLD）：每天113克牛肉；最佳瘦肉饮食加额外蛋白质（BOLD+）：每天153克牛肉）与健康美式饮食（HAD）相比，对血压、内皮功能和血管反应性的影响。采用随机交叉研究设计，对36名血压正常的参与者（收缩压（SBP），116±3.6毫米汞柱）给予四种等热量饮食：健康美式饮食（总脂肪33%，饱和脂肪酸（SFA）12%，蛋白质（PRO）17%，每天20克牛肉）、得舒饮食（总脂肪27%，SFA 6%，PRO 18%，每天28克牛肉）、最佳瘦肉饮食（总脂肪28%，SFA 6%，PRO 19%，每天113克牛肉）和最佳瘦肉饮食加额外蛋白质（总脂肪28%，SFA 6%，PRO 27%，每天153克牛肉），为期5周。与健康美式饮食组（115.7±1.9）相比，最佳瘦肉饮食加额外蛋白质饮食组（111.4±1.9）的收缩压降低（P<0.05）。得舒饮食和最佳瘦肉饮食对收缩压无显著影响。最佳瘦肉饮食组参与者的增强指数（AI）显著降低（-4.1%）。饮食治疗对舒张压或内皮功能（通过外周动脉张力测量）无显著影响。包含瘦牛肉的适度蛋白质类似得舒饮食可降低血压正常个体的收缩压。在心脏健康饮食中加入瘦牛肉还可减少外周血管收缩。
