Agustono Bodhi, Yunita Maya Nurwartanti, Lokapirnasari Widya Paramita, Warsito Sunaryo Hadi, Marbun Tabita Dameria, Windri Sarasatia
Doctoral Program of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
Open Vet J. 2025 Feb;15(2):668-679. doi: 10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.15. Epub 2025 Feb 28.
The rising global concern over antibiotic resistance has heightened scrutiny of antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) in poultry farming, prompting a shift toward alternative feed additives to ensure sustainable and safe poultry production. This trend aligns with the increasing demand for free-range and naturally raised chicken meat in various regions, including Indonesia. In response, Indonesian breeders have turned to medium-sized male layer chickens (MLCs) as substitutes for traditional free-range chickens. This practice, coupled with the need to replace AGPs, highlights the critical importance of exploring innovative and natural solutions to enhance poultry growth and health.
This study investigated the effects of probiotics as an alternative to AGPs on the growth performance, carcass traits, and immune organs of male ISA Brown layer chickens.
The 180-day-old male ISA Brown layer chickens were used for the study. The intervention included six treatments. T1 basal feed, T2 2.5 g AGP/kg feed, T3 1 ml probiotic/kg feed, T4 3 ml probiotic/kg feed, T5 4 ml probiotic/kg feed, and T6 5 ml probiotic/kg feed. Probiotics used were , sp., and at a concentration of 1.2 × 109 CFU/ml. The feeding trial lasted for 21 days for chickens aged 21-42 days, assessing growth performance [body weight, feed consumption, digestibility, and feed conversion ratio (FCR)], carcass traits, non-edible organs, and immune organs.
The findings demonstrate that probiotic supplementation significantly outperformed the AGP-treated group (T2) in enhancing growth performance, carcass weight, pectoral weight development, FCR, internal and immune organ weights, nutrient intake, and digestibility. While AGPs showed improvements over the control (T1), probiotic- supplemented groups, particularly T6, achieved superior results across all parameters, indicating that probiotics are not only a viable alternative to AGPs but also a more effective and sustainable approach for poultry production.
The probiotics used in the study at 4 and 5 ml/kg of feed significantly enhanced the performance, immune organ development, and carcass attributes of MLCs, demonstrating their effectiveness as a viable alternative to AGPs. These findings highlight the potential of probiotics to improve poultry production sustainability by reducing reliance on antibiotics, enhancing growth and health outcomes, and promoting animal welfare through natural and efficient dietary interventions.
全球对抗生素耐药性的关注度不断提高，这加剧了对家禽养殖中抗生素生长促进剂（AGPs）的审查，促使人们转向使用替代饲料添加剂，以确保家禽生产的可持续性和安全性。这一趋势与包括印度尼西亚在内的各个地区对散养和天然养殖鸡肉的需求不断增加相契合。作为回应，印度尼西亚的养殖者已将中型雄性蛋鸡（MLCs）作为传统散养鸡的替代品。这种做法，再加上替代AGPs的需求，凸显了探索创新和天然解决方案以促进家禽生长和健康的至关重要性。
本研究调查了益生菌作为AGPs的替代品对雄性ISA Brown蛋鸡的生长性能、胴体性状和免疫器官的影响。
使用180日龄的雄性ISA Brown蛋鸡进行研究。干预措施包括六种处理。T1为基础饲料，T2为每千克饲料添加2.5克AGP，T3为每千克饲料添加1毫升益生菌，T4为每千克饲料添加3毫升益生菌，T5为每千克饲料添加4毫升益生菌，T6为每千克饲料添加5毫升益生菌。所使用的益生菌为 、 属和 ，浓度为1.2×109 CFU/毫升。对于21至42日龄的鸡，饲养试验持续21天，评估生长性能[体重、采食量、消化率和饲料转化率（FCR）]、胴体性状、非食用器官和免疫器官。
研究结果表明，在提高生长性能、胴体重、胸肌重量发育、FCR、内部和免疫器官重量、营养摄入量和消化率方面，补充益生菌的效果显著优于AGP处理组（T2）。虽然AGPs比对照组（T1）有所改善，但补充益生菌的组，特别是T6组，在所有参数上都取得了更好的结果，这表明益生菌不仅是AGPs的可行替代品，而且是家禽生产中更有效和可持续的方法。
本研究中每千克饲料使用4毫升和5毫升的益生菌显著提高了MLCs的性能、免疫器官发育和胴体属性，证明了它们作为AGPs可行替代品的有效性。这些发现凸显了益生菌通过减少对抗生素的依赖、改善生长和健康结果以及通过天然和高效的饮食干预促进动物福利来提高家禽生产可持续性的潜力。
