Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia.
MED, FCT, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal.
Plant Cell Rep. 2021 Jun;40(6):935-951. doi: 10.1007/s00299-020-02655-4. Epub 2021 Jan 21.
This review illustrates how far we have come since the emergence of GE technologies and how they could be applied to obtain superior and sustainable crop production. The main challenges of today's agriculture are maintaining and raising productivity, reducing its negative impact on the environment, and adapting to climate change. Efficient plant breeding can generate elite varieties that will rapidly replace obsolete ones and address ongoing challenges in an efficient and sustainable manner. Site-specific genome editing in plants is a rapidly evolving field with tangible results. The technology is equipped with a powerful toolbox of molecular scissors to cut DNA at a pre-determined site with different efficiencies for designing an approach that best suits the objectives of each plant breeding strategy. Genome editing (GE) not only revolutionizes plant biology, but provides the means to solve challenges related to plant architecture, food security, nutrient content, adaptation to the environment, resistance to diseases and production of plant-based materials. This review illustrates how far we have come since the emergence of these technologies and how these technologies could be applied to obtain superior, safe and sustainable crop production. Synergies of genome editing with other technological platforms that are gaining significance in plants lead to an exciting new, post-genomic era for plant research and production. In previous months, we have seen what global changes might arise from one new virus, reminding us of what drastic effects such events could have on food production. This demonstrates how important science, technology, and tools are to meet the current time and the future. Plant GE can make a real difference to future sustainable food production to the benefit of both mankind and our environment.
本文回顾了自基因编辑技术出现以来所取得的进展，以及这些技术如何应用于获得更优、更安全和更可持续的作物生产。当今农业的主要挑战是维持和提高生产力，减少其对环境的负面影响，并适应气候变化。高效的植物育种可以产生优秀的品种，这些品种将迅速取代过时的品种，并以高效和可持续的方式应对当前的挑战。植物的定点基因组编辑是一个快速发展的领域，已经取得了切实的成果。该技术配备了功能强大的分子剪刀工具箱，可以在预定的位点切割 DNA，具有不同的效率，从而设计出最适合每种植物育种策略目标的方法。基因组编辑（GE）不仅彻底改变了植物生物学，还为解决与植物结构、食品安全、营养成分、环境适应、疾病抗性和植物材料生产相关的挑战提供了手段。本文回顾了自这些技术出现以来所取得的进展，以及这些技术如何应用于获得更优、安全和可持续的作物生产。基因组编辑与其他在植物中日益重要的技术平台的协同作用，为植物研究和生产带来了一个令人兴奋的新的后基因组时代。在过去的几个月里，我们已经看到了一种新病毒可能引发的全球变化，这提醒我们此类事件可能对粮食生产产生多么剧烈的影响。这表明科学、技术和工具对于应对当前和未来的挑战是多么重要。植物 GE 可以为未来可持续的粮食生产带来真正的改变，造福人类和我们的环境。
