Tran Tien, Singleton Ian M, Ungurean Victor, Rowland Andrea, Martin Anna, Raji Oluwatodimu Richard, Kondrashov Dimitriy G
The Taylor Collaboration, San Francisco, CA, USA.
San Francisco Orthopaedic Residency Program, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Neurospine. 2025 Mar;22(1):173-184. doi: 10.14245/ns.2448990.495. Epub 2025 Mar 31.
There is increased use of 3-dimensional (3D)-printing for manufacturing of interbody cages to create microscale surface features that promote bone formation. Those features may be vulnerable to abrasion and/or delamination during cage impaction. Our objective was to quantify loss of mass and changes in surface topography of 3D-printed titanium interbody cages due to surgical impaction.
Eight surfaces of four 3D-printed titanium modular interbody fusion cages were tested. The cages were impacted into the Sawbones model with compression preload of either 200N or 400N using a guided 1-lb (0.45 kg) drop weight. Mass and surface roughness parameters of each endplate were recorded and compared for differences.
Significant weight loss was observed for the superior endplate group and for both 200N and 400N preloads. For pooled data comparison, significant postimpaction decreases were observed for mean roughness, root-mean-squared roughness, mean roughness depth, and total height of roughness profile. No significant differences were observed for profile skewness and kurtosis. There were significant changes in almost all roughness parameters in the anterior region of the cage postimpaction with significant changes in 2 out of 6 parameters in the middle, posterior, and central regions postimpaction.
Three-dimensional-printed titanium interbody fusion cages underwent loss of mass and alteration in surface topography during benchtop testing replicating physiologic conditions. There was an endplate- and region-specific postimpaction change in roughness parameters. The anterior surface experienced the largest change in surface parameters postimpaction. Our results have implications for future cage design and pre-approval testing of 3D-printed implants.
三维（3D）打印技术在椎间融合器制造中的应用日益增加，以创建促进骨形成的微观表面特征。这些特征在椎间融合器植入过程中可能容易受到磨损和/或分层的影响。我们的目的是量化模拟手术植入过程中3D打印钛制椎间融合器的质量损失和表面形貌变化。
对四个3D打印钛制模块化椎间融合器的八个表面进行测试。使用导向的1磅（0.45千克）落锤，将椎间融合器以200N或400N的压缩预载荷植入Sawbones模型中。记录每个终板的质量和表面粗糙度参数，并比较差异。
在200N和400N预载荷下，上终板组均观察到显著的重量损失。对于汇总数据比较，植入后平均粗糙度、均方根粗糙度、平均粗糙度深度和粗糙度轮廓总高度均显著降低。轮廓偏度和峰度无显著差异。植入后椎间融合器前部区域几乎所有粗糙度参数均有显著变化，中部、后部和中心区域植入后6个参数中有2个有显著变化。
在模拟生理条件的台架测试中，3D打印钛制椎间融合器出现了质量损失和表面形貌改变。粗糙度参数在植入后存在终板和区域特异性变化。植入后前表面的表面参数变化最大。我们的结果对未来椎间融合器的设计和3D打印植入物的预批准测试具有启示意义。
