Baysal Zeki, Özer Ömer, Doğan Levent, Sezgın Ercan, Güçlü Emin Serbülent, Eröz Pınar
Department of Ophthalmology, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde, 51240, Turkey.
Clinic of Ophthalmology, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Training and Research Hospital, Clinic ofInternal Medicine, Niğde, Turkey.
BMC Ophthalmol. 2025 Apr 14;25(1):203. doi: 10.1186/s12886-025-04041-8.
To evaluate the pupillary dynamics in patients with serum vitamin D (25(OH)-D) levels below normal and compared with healthy controls.
This study included 132 patients and 76 healthy controls. Serum 25(OH)-D concentrations within the range of 10 to 30 ng/mL were classified as vitamin D insufficiency (VDI, Group 1), while those at or below 10 ng/mL were categorized as vitamin D deficiency (VDD, Group 2). The static phase of pupillometry, including scotopic, mesopic, and photopic pupil diameters, was evaluated. Additionally, in the dynamic phase of pupillometric evaluation, pupil dilation velocity (mm/sec) was calculated. These values were compared between patient and control groups.
In static pupil diameters, only photopic pupil diameters were significantly different between Groups 1 and 2 compared to the control group (p = 0.012 and p = 0.008, respectively). In dynamic measurements, the pupil diameter values showed a statistically significant difference between the patient and control groups (p = 0.003). In intragroup comparison, the mean pupil diameter was 3.42 ± 0.81 mm in group 1 and 3.94 ± 0.96 mm in group 2 (p = 0.029). Mean pupil dilation velocity was significantly slower in the patient group (p < 0.001). In intragroup comparison, the mean pupil dilation velocity was 0.162 ± 0.049 mm/sec in group 1 and 0.088 ± 0.032 mm/sec in group 2 (p < 0.001).
We demonstrated that VDD alters pupillary functions with objective measurements. Our study may shed light on the role of vitamin D in multisystemic diseases since it is expressed in many tissues and has multiple functions. Multicenter studies with a large number of participants are needed in the future.
评估血清维生素D（25(OH)-D）水平低于正常的患者的瞳孔动态变化，并与健康对照者进行比较。
本研究纳入了132例患者和76名健康对照者。血清25(OH)-D浓度在10至30 ng/mL范围内的被归类为维生素D不足（VDI，第1组），而浓度在10 ng/mL及以下的则被归类为维生素D缺乏（VDD，第2组）。评估了瞳孔测量的静态阶段，包括暗视、中间视觉和明视瞳孔直径。此外，在瞳孔测量评估的动态阶段，计算了瞳孔扩张速度（毫米/秒）。对患者组和对照组之间的这些值进行了比较。
在静态瞳孔直径方面，与对照组相比，第1组和第2组仅明视瞳孔直径存在显著差异（分别为p = 0.012和p = 0.008）。在动态测量中，患者组和对照组的瞳孔直径值存在统计学显著差异（p = 0.003）。在组内比较中，第1组的平均瞳孔直径为3.42±0.81毫米，第2组为3.94±0.96毫米（p = 0.029）。患者组的平均瞳孔扩张速度明显较慢（p < 0.001）。在组内比较中，第1组的平均瞳孔扩张速度为0.162±0.049毫米/秒，第2组为0.088±0.032毫米/秒（p < 0.001）。
我们通过客观测量证明了VDD会改变瞳孔功能。由于维生素D在许多组织中表达且具有多种功能，我们的研究可能有助于揭示其在多系统疾病中的作用。未来需要开展有大量参与者的多中心研究。
