Abdullah Maihan, Niazi Nisar, Danaei Goodarz, Bump Jesse, Rebbeck Timothy R, Hashimi Ikram, Niyazi Sabira, Sarwari Marwa, Ghasemi-Kebria Fatemeh, Roshandel Gholamreza
Ministry of Public Health, Kabul, Afghanistan.
Takemi Program in International Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Cancer Med. 2025 Apr;14(8):e70844. doi: 10.1002/cam4.70844.
Establishing a population-based cancer registry is crucial for understanding cancer incidence, identifying risk factors, and developing effective cancer control programs. The Kabul Cancer Registry (KCR), Afghanistan's first population-based cancer registry, was established in 2018. The purpose of this study was to estimate the incidence of cancer in Kabul between 2018 and 2020.
The KCR, adhering to International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) standards, actively collected data on new cancer cases from health facilities in Kabul between 2018 and 2020. We used CanReg5 software to calculate age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) by cancer site in males and females, using the direct method with Segi's World Standard Population.
The KCR recorded 4498 new cancer cases among Kabul residents, with a male-to-female ratio of 0.82:1. The overall ASIR was 44.3 per 100,000 person-years in males and 60.9 in females. The top five cancer sites in males were stomach (ASIR = 9.1), esophagus (ASIR = 5.5), colorectum (ASIR = 3.7), lymphoma (ASIR = 2.4), and liver (ASIR = 2.1). In females, the top five cancer sites were breast (ASIR = 14.9), esophagus (ASIR = 6.7), stomach (ASIR = 4.2), colorectum (ASIR = 3.8), and gallbladder (ASIR = 1.8). Childhood cancers (aged 0-14 years) represented 6.8% of all cancers, with leukemia accounting for 43.5% of the new cancer cases.
The high incidence of breast, stomach, and esophagus cancers highlights the need for policymakers and healthcare providers to develop cancer control programs focused on primary prevention, early detection, and quality diagnosis and treatment. Additionally, this study underscores the importance of cancer registries and emphasizes the need to strengthen the KCR to improve data quality.
建立基于人群的癌症登记系统对于了解癌症发病率、识别风险因素以及制定有效的癌症控制项目至关重要。喀布尔癌症登记处（KCR）是阿富汗首个基于人群的癌症登记处，于2018年成立。本研究的目的是估计2018年至2020年喀布尔的癌症发病率。
喀布尔癌症登记处遵循国际癌症研究机构（IARC）的标准，积极收集2018年至2020年期间喀布尔医疗机构中新发癌症病例的数据。我们使用CanReg5软件，采用直接法和世标人口，计算男性和女性各癌症部位的年龄标准化发病率（ASIR）。
喀布尔癌症登记处记录了喀布尔居民中的4498例新发癌症病例，男女比例为0.82:1。男性的总体年龄标准化发病率为每10万人年44.3例，女性为60.9例。男性中排名前五的癌症部位是胃（年龄标准化发病率=9.1）、食管（年龄标准化发病率=5.5）、结肠直肠（年龄标准化发病率=3.7）、淋巴瘤（年龄标准化发病率=2.4）和肝脏（年龄标准化发病率=2.1）。女性中排名前五的癌症部位是乳腺（年龄标准化发病率=14.9）、食管（年龄标准化发病率=6.7）、胃（年龄标准化发病率=4.2）、结肠直肠（年龄标准化发病率=3.8）和胆囊（年龄标准化发病率=1.8）。儿童癌症（0至14岁）占所有癌症的6.8%，白血病占新发癌症病例的43.5%。
乳腺癌、胃癌和食管癌的高发病率凸显了政策制定者和医疗服务提供者制定侧重于一级预防、早期检测以及高质量诊断和治疗的癌症控制项目的必要性。此外，本研究强调了癌症登记处的重要性，并强调需要加强喀布尔癌症登记处以提高数据质量。
