Amato Victoria, Mahalath Shantel, Zhang Liyuan, Rushton Paul J, Shen Qingxi J
School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA.
Plant Cell Environ. 2025 Aug;48(8):5897-5908. doi: 10.1111/pce.15569. Epub 2025 Apr 21.
The NON-RACE-SPECIFIC DISEASE RESISTANCE 1/harpin-induced 1-LIKE (NHL) gene family plays pivotal roles, including pathogen resistance, abiotic stress tolerance, and developmental regulation, underscoring their functional versatility in developmental and physiological processes of plants. NHL proteins often localize to the plasma membrane and contain conserved motifs, including the LEA2 and transmembrane domains, enabling dynamic interactions with signalling molecules and transcription factors. The ability of NHL proteins to dimerize and oligomerize further enhances their regulatory potential in signalling pathways. This review explores the structural and functional diversity of NHL proteins including their localizations, interacting proteins, and responses to abiotic and biotic stresses, ion transportation, seed germination, and responses to phytohormones. Future research integrating phylogenetics, and advanced tools including artificial intelligence will unlock the full potential of this gene family for breeding climate-resilient crops and agricultural sustainability.
非种族特异性抗病性1/类harpin诱导蛋白1（NHL）基因家族发挥着关键作用，包括病原体抗性、非生物胁迫耐受性和发育调控，突出了它们在植物发育和生理过程中的功能多样性。NHL蛋白通常定位于质膜，并包含保守基序，包括LEA2和跨膜结构域，使其能够与信号分子和转录因子进行动态相互作用。NHL蛋白二聚化和寡聚化的能力进一步增强了它们在信号通路中的调控潜力。本综述探讨了NHL蛋白的结构和功能多样性，包括它们的定位、相互作用蛋白以及对非生物和生物胁迫、离子运输、种子萌发和植物激素的响应。未来结合系统发育学和包括人工智能在内的先进工具的研究将释放这个基因家族在培育抗气候作物和农业可持续性方面的全部潜力。
