Chang Suk Won, Lee Ho Young, Kim Jeong Hong, Chang Jung Hyun, Choi Hyun Seung, Kang Ju Wan
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University College of Medicine, Jeju, South Korea.
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 363, Dongbaekjukjeon-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin, 16995, Korea.
Sci Rep. 2025 Apr 21;15(1):13664. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-98470-6.
Allergic diseases occur frequently and reduce the quality of life in patients with allergies. Many studies have investigated the pattern of various allergic antigens; however, studies on general patients are insufficient. Sensitization of allergens varies greatly depending on race or region. This study aims to investigate the sensitization of common allergens present in Korea and co-sensitization patterns among these allergens. We used data obtained from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted in 2019. Serum-specific immunoglobulin E levels were measured using the ImmunoCAP assay for Dermatophagoides farinae (Df), dog, cat, birch, oak, Japanese hop (J-hop), and ragweed. In addition, demographic data and responses to a questionnaire about rhinitis symptoms were obtained. The ImmunoCAP assay was performed on 2,397 out of 8,110 participants. The sensitization rate to at least one antigen was 45.2%. Df was the most common sensitized allergen (39.9%), followed by oak (11.2%), birch (10.2%), ragweed (8.7%), and cat (8.5%). Among the sensitized participants, 41.3% were sensitized to multiple antigens. In participants sensitized to a single allergen, 91.8% were sensitized to Df. In individuals sensitized to seasonal allergens, approximately 75% showed sensitization to Df too (birch: 74.6%, oak: 74.3%, J-hop: 74.3%, and ragweed: 76.3%). Around 90% exhibited co-sensitization with Df among individuals sensitized to perennial antigens (dog: 91.6% and cat: 88.7%). The allergen sensitization rate in the general population was about 41.3%. In addition, Df was co-sensitized to 75% of participants sensitized to seasonal allergens and 90% of participants sensitized to perennial allergens. Most allergens showed a tendency for sensitization to decrease with age, while some allergens exhibited peak sensitization at different age ranges. Further research is needed to explore these differences and their associations with co-sensitization. Moreover, studies are required to investigate how these cross-reactivity patterns are associated with patients' symptoms.
过敏性疾病频繁发生，降低了过敏患者的生活质量。许多研究调查了各种过敏抗原的模式；然而，针对普通患者的研究并不充分。过敏原的致敏情况因种族或地区而异。本研究旨在调查韩国常见过敏原的致敏情况以及这些过敏原之间的共同致敏模式。我们使用了2019年韩国国家健康与营养检查调查获得的数据。采用免疫捕获法检测了粉尘螨（Df）、狗、猫、桦树、橡树、日本律草（J-律草）和豚草的血清特异性免疫球蛋白E水平。此外，还获取了人口统计学数据以及关于鼻炎症状的问卷答复。在8110名参与者中，对2397人进行了免疫捕获检测。至少对一种抗原致敏的比例为45.2%。Df是最常见的致敏过敏原（39.9%），其次是橡树（11.2%）、桦树（10.2%）、豚草（8.7%）和猫（8.5%）。在致敏参与者中，41.3%对多种抗原致敏。在对单一过敏原致敏的参与者中，91.8%对Df致敏。在对季节性过敏原致敏的个体中，约75%也对Df致敏（桦树：74.6%，橡树：74.3%，J-律草：74.3%，豚草：76.3%）。在对常年性抗原致敏的个体中，约90%与Df共同致敏（狗：91.6%，猫：88.7%）。普通人群中的过敏原致敏率约为41.3%。此外，在对季节性过敏原致敏的参与者中，75%与Df共同致敏；在对常年性过敏原致敏的参与者中，90%与Df共同致敏。大多数过敏原的致敏率有随年龄降低的趋势，而一些过敏原在不同年龄范围内出现致敏高峰。需要进一步研究来探索这些差异及其与共同致敏的关联。此外，还需要研究这些交叉反应模式如何与患者症状相关。
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