He Hong, Li Ping, Huang Haokun, Zeng Yanlin, Zhang Min, Chen Zhibing, Huang Shiqi, Zeng Fangfang, Ge Hui
Healthcare Outpatient Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.
Front Nutr. 2025 Apr 8;12:1517744. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1517744. eCollection 2025.
Previous studies have suggested that serum uric acid (UA) may influence depression through oxidative stress pathways, but with inconclusive results. This study aimed to investigate the association between serum UA levels and depression, as well as potential variations across demographic subgroups in the U.S. adult population.
A cross-sectional analysis of 23,059 participants from NHANES (2013-2018) was conducted. Serum UA levels were classified into quartiles, and depression was measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), with a score ≥ 10 indicating depression. Weighted logistic regression models were used to analyze the association between UA levels and depression, adjusting for demographic and clinical covariates. Subgroup analyses were performed to assess variations by sex, age, race/ethnicity, and other health-related factors.
Participants in the highest UA quartile had a lower prevalence of depression compared to those in the lowest quartile (13.9% vs. 16.2%, = 0.004). After adjusting for covariates, higher UA levels were significantly associated with a reduced risk of depression (OR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.67, 0.86, < 0.001 for quartile 4). Subgroup analyses indicated significant interactions by age (p for interaction = 0.051), race/ethnicity (p for interaction = 0.027), and history of cardiovascular disease (p for interaction = 0.005), with more pronounced inverse associations observed among older adults, other races and participants with cardiovascular disease.
Higher serum UA levels were inversely associated with depression among U.S. adults, especially among races, participants with cardiovascular disease and older age. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and investigate potential underlying mechanisms.
先前的研究表明，血清尿酸（UA）可能通过氧化应激途径影响抑郁症，但结果尚无定论。本研究旨在调查美国成年人群中血清尿酸水平与抑郁症之间的关联，以及不同人口统计学亚组之间的潜在差异。
对来自美国国家健康与营养检查调查（NHANES，2013 - 2018年）的23,059名参与者进行横断面分析。血清尿酸水平分为四分位数，使用患者健康问卷-9（PHQ-9）测量抑郁症，得分≥10表明患有抑郁症。采用加权逻辑回归模型分析尿酸水平与抑郁症之间的关联，并对人口统计学和临床协变量进行调整。进行亚组分析以评估性别、年龄、种族/族裔和其他健康相关因素的差异。
与最低尿酸四分位数组相比，最高尿酸四分位数组的抑郁症患病率较低（13.9%对16.2%，P = 0.004）。调整协变量后，较高的尿酸水平与抑郁症风险降低显著相关（四分位数4的比值比[OR]=0.76，95%置信区间[CI]：0.67，0.86，P<0.001）。亚组分析表明，年龄（交互作用P = 0.051）、种族/族裔（交互作用P = 0.027）和心血管疾病史（交互作用P = 0.005）存在显著交互作用，在老年人、其他种族和患有心血管疾病的参与者中观察到更明显的负相关。
在美国成年人中，较高的血清尿酸水平与抑郁症呈负相关，尤其是在种族、患有心血管疾病的参与者和老年人中。需要进一步研究来证实这些发现并调查潜在的潜在机制。
