de Mendonça Silvana F, Baldon Lívia V R, Todjro Yaovi M H, Marçal Bruno A, Rodrigues Maria E C, Moreira Rafaela L, Santos Ellen C, Rocha Marcele N, de Faria Isaque J da S, Silva Bianca D M, Pereira Thiago N, de Freitas Amanda C, Duarte Myrian M, Iani Felipe C de M, Guimarães Natália R, Adelino Talita E R, Giovanetti Marta, Alcantara Luiz C J, Ferreira Álvaro G A, Moreira Luciano A
Mosquitos Vetores, Endossimbiontes e Interação Patógeno-Vetor, Instituto René Rachou-Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, Brazil.
Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 6627-Pampulha, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil.
Viruses. 2025 Mar 28;17(4):492. doi: 10.3390/v17040492.
(OROV) is an emerging public health concern due to its expanding geographic range and increasing case numbers. In Brazil, 13,785 cases were confirmed in 2024, with an additional 3680 reported by January 2025, according to the Ministry of Health. Initially restricted to the Amazon region, OROV has recently been detected in new areas, highlighting the need for enhanced surveillance and vector control strategies. While is the primary vector, the potential role of other species in transmitting the currently circulating OROV strain in Brazil remains unclear. Here, we experimentally assessed the infectivity and dissemination of a recently isolated (OROV) strain in two widespread mosquito species, and , collected from diverse regions of Brazil. Our results demonstrated that both mosquito species were refractory to oral infection, suggesting that natural transmission through these vectors is unlikely. However, in artificial systemic infection, showed viral replication and immune system activation, indicating its potential to support OROV replication under specific conditions. Additionally, to assess the potential impact of coinfection, we investigated whether (CHIKV), an arbovirus that naturally infects , could facilitate OROV infection dynamics in this mosquito species. Our results suggest that coinfection does not promote OROV oral infection. Furthermore, we examined whether OROV systemic infection induced an immune response in We analyzed the major immune response pathways-RNAi, Toll, IMD, and JAK-STAT-and observed that the RNAi pathway was the most strongly activated in response to OROV infection in . These findings highlight the importance of ongoing surveillance and further studies on OROV evolution, vector adaptation, and transmission dynamics, particularly in urban settings where vector populations and viral interactions may facilitate new epidemiological scenarios.
由于其地理范围不断扩大和病例数不断增加，奥罗普切病毒（OROV）已成为一个新出现的公共卫生问题。据巴西卫生部称，2024年巴西确诊了13785例病例，到2025年1月又报告了3680例。奥罗普切病毒最初局限于亚马逊地区，最近在新的地区被检测到，这凸显了加强监测和病媒控制策略的必要性。虽然[某种蚊子]是主要病媒，但其他物种在传播巴西目前流行的奥罗普切病毒毒株方面的潜在作用仍不清楚。在这里，我们通过实验评估了从巴西不同地区采集的两种广泛分布的蚊子物种[两种蚊子的名称]中最近分离出的奥罗普切病毒（OROV）毒株的感染性和传播情况。我们的结果表明，这两种蚊子对口服感染均具有抗性，这表明通过这些病媒进行自然传播的可能性不大。然而，在人工全身感染中，[某种蚊子]显示出病毒复制和免疫系统激活，表明其在特定条件下支持奥罗普切病毒复制的潜力。此外，为了评估共感染的潜在影响，我们研究了自然感染[某种蚊子]的虫媒病毒基孔肯雅病毒（CHIKV）是否能促进该蚊子物种中奥罗普切病毒的感染动态。我们的结果表明，共感染不会促进奥罗普切病毒的口服感染。此外，我们研究了奥罗普切病毒全身感染是否会在[某种蚊子]中诱导免疫反应。我们分析了主要的免疫反应途径——RNA干扰、Toll、IMD和JAK-STAT——并观察到RNA干扰途径在[某种蚊子]对奥罗普切病毒感染的反应中激活最为强烈。这些发现凸显了持续监测以及对奥罗普切病毒进化、病媒适应性和传播动态进行进一步研究的重要性，特别是在城市环境中，病媒种群和病毒相互作用可能会促成新的流行病学情况。
