Ohlson Anna, Malmsten Jonas, Frössling Jenny, Bölske Göran, Aspán Anna, Dalin Anne-Marie, Lindberg Ann
Department of Disease Control and Epidemiology, National Veterinary Institute, SE-751 89 Uppsala, Sweden.
Acta Vet Scand. 2014 Jul 9;56(1):39. doi: 10.1186/1751-0147-56-39.
Q fever is a zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium Coxiella burnetii. Prevalence data in ruminant species are important to support risk assessments regarding public and animal health. The aim was to investigate the presence of or exposure to C. burnetii in cattle, sheep, goats and moose, and to compare two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). National surveys of antibodies against C. burnetii were performed for dairy cattle (n=1537), dairy goats (n=58) and sheep (n=518). Bovine samples consisted of bulk milk, caprine of pooled milk, and ovine of pooled serum. Antibodies were investigated in moose samples (n=99) from three regions. A one-year regional cattle bulk milk survey was performed on the Isle of Gotland (n=119, four occasions). Cattle, sheep and goat samples were analysed with indirect ELISA and moose samples with complement fixation test. For the sheep, goat, and parts of the cattle survey, samples were run in parallel by ELISAs based on antigens from infected ruminants and ticks. Bulk milk samples from the regional cattle survey and vaginal swabs from a subset of the sheep herds (n=80) were analysed for the agent by polymerase chain reaction. Spatial clustering was investigated in the national cattle survey.
The prevalence of antibodies in dairy herds was 8.2% with large regional differences. High risk clusters were identified in the southern regions. The prevalence among dairy herds on the Isle of Gotland varied from 55.9% to 64.6% and 46.4% to 58.9.0% for antibodies and agent, respectively, overall agreement between agent and antibodies was 85.2%. The prevalence of antibodies in sheep was 0.6%, the agent was not detected the vaginal swabs. Antibodies were not detected in goats or moose, although parts of the moose samples were collected in an area with high prevalence in cattle. The overall agreement between the two ELISAs was 90.4%.
The prevalence of antibodies against C. burnetii in dairy cattle in Sweden shows large regional differences. The results suggest that C. burnetii is a rare pathogen among Swedish moose, dairy goat and sheep. ELISAs based on ruminant and tick antigen performed in a similar manner under Swedish conditions.
Q热是一种由伯氏考克斯氏体引起的人畜共患病。反刍动物物种的流行率数据对于支持有关公共卫生和动物健康的风险评估很重要。目的是调查牛、羊、山羊和驼鹿中伯氏考克斯氏体的存在情况或接触情况，并比较两种酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）。对奶牛（n = 1537）、奶山羊（n = 58）和绵羊（n = 518）进行了全国性的抗伯氏考克斯氏体抗体调查。牛的样本为混合乳，山羊的样本为混合乳，绵羊的样本为混合血清。对来自三个地区的驼鹿样本（n = 99）进行了抗体检测。在哥特兰岛进行了为期一年的地区性牛混合乳调查（n = 119，四次）。牛、羊和山羊样本采用间接ELISA进行分析，驼鹿样本采用补体结合试验进行分析。对于绵羊、山羊以及部分牛的调查，样本通过基于感染反刍动物和蜱虫抗原的ELISA平行检测。对地区性牛调查的混合乳样本和一部分绵羊群（n = 80）的阴道拭子进行聚合酶链反应检测病原体。在全国性牛调查中研究了空间聚集情况。
奶牛群中抗体流行率为8.2%，存在较大的地区差异。在南部地区发现了高风险聚集区。哥特兰岛奶牛群中抗体流行率分别为55.9%至64.6%，病原体流行率为46.4%至58.9%，病原体与抗体之间的总体一致性为85.2%。绵羊中抗体流行率为0.6%，阴道拭子中未检测到病原体。在山羊或驼鹿中未检测到抗体，尽管部分驼鹿样本是在牛流行率高的地区采集的。两种ELISA之间的总体一致性为90.4%。
瑞典奶牛中抗伯氏考克斯氏体抗体的流行率存在较大的地区差异。结果表明，伯氏考克斯氏体在瑞典驼鹿、奶山羊和绵羊中是一种罕见的病原体。在瑞典条件下，基于反刍动物和蜱虫抗原的ELISA表现相似。
