Benguennouna Noureddine, Benabdelmoumene Djilali, Dahmouni Said, Bengharbi Zineb, Bouzouina Mohamed, Qadi Wasim S M, Dawoud Esraa Adnan Dawoud, Al-Olayan Ebtesam, Moreno Andres, Mediani Ahmed
Applied Animal Physiology Lab, Abdelhamid Ibn Badis University, 27000, Mostaganem, Algeria.
Plant Protection Lab, Abdelhamid Ibn Badis University, 27000, Mostaganem, Algeria.
Sci Rep. 2025 Apr 29;15(1):15049. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-99425-7.
This study investigates the impact of irrigation water sources on the quality of olive oil from the Chemlal olive variety in the Hadjadj region, northeast of Mostaganem, Algeria, a coastal area known for its semi-arid climate and intensive olive cultivation. Olive trees (n = 50 per irrigation group) were irrigated with treated wastewater, spring water, and normal water, and the resulting oils were assessed for physicochemical properties, fatty acid composition, and bioactive compound profiles. Treated wastewater demonstrated distinct water quality characteristics, including elevated temperature (15.00 °C), chemical oxygen demand (COD: 58.38 mg/L), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD: 29.00 mg/L), ammonium (15.60 mg/L), nitrite (2.55 mg/L), suspended solids (14.00 mg/L), pH (7.40), and conductivity (2.80 µS/cm), reflecting residual organic material and ionic content post-treatment. Heavy metal concentrations in all water sources were within permissible limits for irrigation and drinking purposes, affirming their safety for agricultural use. Olive oil from treated wastewater-irrigated trees exhibited superior quality parameters, including low acidity (1.99%), low peroxide value (6.8 meq O/kg), enhanced oxidative stability, higher fat content (96.5%), and favorable saponification values. Fatty acid analysis revealed a higher oleic acid content (62.6 mg/kg), known for cardiovascular health benefits. Bioactive compound analysis indicated significantly elevated levels of α-tocopherol (180.25 mg/kg), squalene (7500.8 mg/kg), carotenoids (25.1 mg/kg), and polyphenols (604.76 mg GAE/kg), contributing to increased antioxidant capacity (63.50% DPPH inhibition, a measure of free radical scavenging) and lower lipid peroxidation (0.25 TBARS, an index of oxidative degradation), indicative of superior oxidative stability. Spring water-irrigated oils showed higher acidity, peroxide values, and linoleic acid concentrations, alongside notable antibacterial efficacy against Escherichia. coli, Pseudomonas. aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus. aureus. Oils from normal water irrigation were characterized by higher linolenic acid levels, providing a more balanced fatty acid profile. These findings underscore treated wastewater's potential to enhance olive oil's nutritional and functional qualities, particularly its antioxidant activity and stability, while highlighting the role of spring water in enhancing antibacterial properties despite slightly reduced antioxidant stability. These findings are relevant to water-scarce Mediterranean and arid regions, informing sustainable irrigation strategies in line with global climate-resilient agriculture policies.
本研究调查了灌溉水源对阿尔及利亚穆斯塔加奈姆东北部哈贾吉地区Chem lal橄榄品种橄榄油质量的影响，该沿海地区以其半干旱气候和密集的橄榄种植而闻名。对橄榄树（每个灌溉组n = 50）分别用处理后的废水、泉水和普通水进行灌溉，并对所得的橄榄油进行理化性质、脂肪酸组成和生物活性化合物谱分析。处理后的废水呈现出独特的水质特征，包括温度升高（15.00℃）、化学需氧量（COD：58.38mg/L）、生化需氧量（BOD：29.00mg/L）、铵（15.60mg/L）、亚硝酸盐（2.55mg/L）、悬浮固体（14.00mg/L）、pH值（7.40）和电导率（2.80µS/cm），反映了处理后残留的有机物质和离子含量。所有水源中的重金属浓度均在灌溉和饮用的允许限值范围内，证实了其用于农业的安全性。用处理后的废水灌溉的树木所产的橄榄油表现出优异的质量参数，包括低酸度（1.99%）、低过氧化值（6.8meq O/kg）、增强的氧化稳定性、较高的脂肪含量（96.5%）和良好的皂化值。脂肪酸分析显示油酸含量较高（62.6mg/kg），已知对心血管健康有益。生物活性化合物分析表明，α-生育酚（180.25mg/kg）、角鲨烯（7500.8mg/kg）、类胡萝卜素（25.1mg/kg）和多酚（604.76mg GAE/kg）的含量显著升高，有助于提高抗氧化能力（63.50% DPPH抑制率，一种自由基清除的衡量指标）和降低脂质过氧化（0.25 TBARS，氧化降解指数），表明具有优异的氧化稳定性。用泉水灌溉的橄榄油酸度、过氧化值和亚油酸浓度较高，同时对大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌和金黄色葡萄球菌具有显著的抗菌效果。用普通水灌溉的橄榄油以亚麻酸含量较高为特征，提供了更平衡的脂肪酸谱。这些发现强调了处理后的废水在提高橄榄油营养和功能品质方面的潜力，特别是其抗氧化活性和稳定性，同时突出了泉水在增强抗菌性能方面的作用，尽管抗氧化稳定性略有降低。这些发现与水资源稀缺的地中海和干旱地区相关，为符合全球气候适应型农业政策的可持续灌溉策略提供了参考。
