Soundararajan Ramya, Yadav Archana, Avs Anil Kumar, Jangir Hemlata
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Army Hosp Research and Referral, New Delhi, India.
Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
World J Nucl Med. 2024 Dec 5;24(2):169-172. doi: 10.1055/s-0044-1800837. eCollection 2025 Jun.
Neuroleukemiosis, an exceedingly rare manifestation of leukemia, is defined as peripheral nerve infiltration by leukemic cells. The typical clinical presentation is with peripheral neuropathy and/or chloromatous masses. The diagnosis of this condition is quite challenging, as symptoms usually appear in patients during remission and there are no other signs of relapse. The diagnosis is supported with electrophysiologic testing and imaging and finally established with histopathology and immunophenotyping. We present a case of multineuritis in a patient with mixed phenotype acute leukemia during remission post allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant, where inflamed thickened nerves were detected on positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging with fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose. A diagnosis of neuroleukemiosis was established via biopsy and immunophenotyping. The literature is reviewed regarding this interesting and rare clinical condition.
神经白血病是白血病极为罕见的一种表现形式，定义为白血病细胞浸润周围神经。典型的临床表现为周围神经病变和/或绿色瘤肿块。这种疾病的诊断颇具挑战性，因为症状通常在患者缓解期出现，且无其他复发迹象。电生理检查和影像学检查有助于诊断，最终通过组织病理学和免疫表型分析得以确诊。我们报告一例异基因造血干细胞移植后缓解期的混合表型急性白血病患者发生多发性神经炎的病例，该患者在氟-18氟脱氧葡萄糖正电子发射断层扫描/计算机断层扫描成像中检测到神经发炎增厚。通过活检和免疫表型分析确诊为神经白血病。本文对这一有趣且罕见的临床病症的相关文献进行了综述。
