Yang Jie, Chen Rong, Liu Wei, Fan Chao
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Science and Technology Research on Fruit Tree, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
Front Plant Sci. 2025 Apr 15;16:1547526. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2025.1547526. eCollection 2025.
As an important regulatory protein phosphatase in the abscisic acid (ABA) signal transduction pathway and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) cascade, type-2C protein phosphatase (PP2C) plays crucial roles in plant responses to abiotic stresses. However, the gene family's responses to abiotic stress in litchi ( Sonn.) have not been systematically studied. In this study, we predicted the 68 (designated ) genes randomly distributed across fourteen chromosomes in the litchi genome. Phylogenetic tree analysis among litchi, Arabidopsis (), and rice () revealed that the phylogenetic tree was divided into thirteen groups (A, B, C, D, E, F1, F2, G, H, I, J, K, and L). Closely linked genes within the same group exhibited various similarities in gene structures and motif compositions. Collinearity analysis demonstrated that segmental duplication (SD) events were the main dramatically increasing numbers in the gene family members. Cis-acting element analysis revealed that the 68 genes contained hormone and stress response elements with varying quantities, implying their potential in litchi stress resistance. Expression analysis showed that all the genes exhibited varying expression levels across nine different litchi tissues, more than 50% of genes within each group displayed similar tissue-specific expression patterns. The expression intensity, duration and regulation direction (up- or down-regulation) of the genes were varied under different abiotic stresses (cold, heat, and drought). The physiological and biochemical tests indicated that eight activation indexes (peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), proline (PRO), soluble protein (SP), hydrogen peroxide (HO), and soluble sugar (SS)) increase at different level. Additionally, we analyzed physicochemical properties, subcellular locations, and secondary structures of the family members. Notably, the extensive connectivity of /// underscored their vital roles in orchestrating and regulating biomolecular networks. These results provide valuable information for the identification of the genes and ideas for the cultivation of its transgenic induction lines in litchi.
作为脱落酸（ABA）信号转导途径和丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）级联反应中的一种重要调节蛋白磷酸酶，2C型蛋白磷酸酶（PP2C）在植物对非生物胁迫的响应中发挥着关键作用。然而，荔枝（Sonn.）中该基因家族对非生物胁迫的响应尚未得到系统研究。在本研究中，我们预测了荔枝基因组中随机分布在14条染色体上的68个（命名为）基因。荔枝、拟南芥（）和水稻（）之间的系统发育树分析表明，该系统发育树分为13个组（A、B、C、D、E、F1、F2、G、H、I、J、K和L）。同一组内紧密连锁的基因在基因结构和基序组成上表现出各种相似性。共线性分析表明，片段重复（SD）事件是该基因家族成员数量急剧增加的主要原因。顺式作用元件分析表明，68个基因含有数量不同的激素和胁迫响应元件，这暗示了它们在荔枝抗逆性方面的潜力。表达分析表明，所有基因在9种不同的荔枝组织中均表现出不同的表达水平，每组中超过50%的基因表现出相似的组织特异性表达模式。在不同的非生物胁迫（冷、热和干旱）下，这些基因的表达强度、持续时间和调控方向（上调或下调）各不相同。生理生化测试表明，8个活性指标（过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）、脯氨酸（PRO）、可溶性蛋白（SP）、过氧化氢（HO）和可溶性糖（SS））在不同程度上有所增加。此外，我们分析了该家族成员的理化性质、亚细胞定位和二级结构。值得注意的是///的广泛连接性突出了它们在协调和调节生物分子网络中的重要作用。这些结果为荔枝中基因的鉴定提供了有价值的信息，并为其转基因诱导系的培育提供了思路。
