Łoniewski Igor, Skonieczna-Żydecka Karolina, Stachowska Laura, Fraszczyk-Tousty Magdalena, Tousty Piotr, Łoniewska Beata
Department of Biochemical Science, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland.
Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland.
Front Nutr. 2022 Jul 11;9:939194. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.939194. eCollection 2022.
Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are important metabolites of the gut microbiota. It has been shown that the microbiota and its metabolic activity in children are highly influenced by the type of diet and age. Our aim was to analyse the concentration of fecal SCFAs over two years of life and to evaluate the influence of feeding method on the content of these compounds in feces. We searched PubMed/MEDLINE/Embase/Ebsco/Cinahl/Web of Science from the database inception to 02/23/2021 without language restriction for observational studies that included an analysis of the concentration of fecal SCFAs in healthy children up to 3 years of age. The primary outcome measures-mean concentrations-were calculated. We performed a random-effects meta-analysis of outcomes for which ≥2 studies provided data. A subgroup analysis was related to the type of feeding (breast milk vs. formula vs. mixed feeding) and the time of analysis (time after birth). The initial search yielded 536 hits. We reviewed 79 full-text articles and finally included 41 studies ( = 2,457 SCFA analyses) in the meta-analysis. We found that concentrations of propionate and butyrate differed significantly in breastfed infants with respect to time after birth. In infants artificially fed up to 1 month of age, the concentration of propionic acid, butyric acid, and all other SCFAs is higher, and acetic acid is lower. At 1-3 months of age, a higher concentration of only propionic acid was observed. At the age of 3-6 months, artificial feeding leads to a higher concentration of butyric acid and the sum of SCFAs. We concluded that the type of feeding influences the content of SCFAs in feces in the first months of life. However, there is a need for long-term evaluation of the impact of the observed differences on health later in life and for standardization of analytical methods and procedures for the study of SCFAs in young children. These data will be of great help to other researchers in analyzing the relationships between fecal SCFAs and various physiologic and pathologic conditions in early life and possibly their impact on health in adulthood.
短链脂肪酸（SCFAs）是肠道微生物群的重要代谢产物。研究表明，儿童的微生物群及其代谢活性受饮食类型和年龄的影响很大。我们的目的是分析两年生命期内粪便中短链脂肪酸的浓度，并评估喂养方式对粪便中这些化合物含量的影响。我们在PubMed/MEDLINE/Embase/Ebsco/Cinahl/科学网数据库中进行检索，检索时间从数据库建立至2021年2月23日，不限语言，查找纳入对3岁以下健康儿童粪便中短链脂肪酸浓度进行分析的观察性研究。计算主要结局指标——平均浓度。对于有≥2项研究提供数据的结局，我们进行了随机效应荟萃分析。亚组分析涉及喂养类型（母乳与配方奶与混合喂养）和分析时间（出生后时间）。初步检索得到536条结果。我们查阅了79篇全文文章，最终纳入41项研究（=2457次短链脂肪酸分析）进行荟萃分析。我们发现，母乳喂养婴儿的丙酸和丁酸浓度在出生后的时间方面存在显著差异。在1月龄以内人工喂养的婴儿中，丙酸、丁酸和所有其他短链脂肪酸的浓度较高，而乙酸浓度较低。在1至3月龄时，仅观察到丙酸浓度较高。在3至6月龄时，人工喂养导致丁酸浓度和短链脂肪酸总和较高。我们得出结论，喂养方式会影响生命最初几个月粪便中短链脂肪酸的含量。然而，有必要对观察到的差异对生命后期健康的影响进行长期评估，以及对幼儿短链脂肪酸研究的分析方法和程序进行标准化。这些数据将对其他研究人员分析粪便短链脂肪酸与生命早期各种生理和病理状况之间的关系以及可能对成年期健康的影响有很大帮助。
