Storz Maximilian Andreas
Department of Internal Medicine II, Centre for Complementary Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany.
BMC Public Health. 2025 May 13;25(1):1755. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-22930-x.
Depressive disorders are a contemporary global public health problem and amongst the leading causes of disability worldwide. Ready-to-eat foods require minimal preparation time and are designed to maximize consumer convenience while minimizing consumer efforts. Nutritional properties of ready-to-eat foods, such as their high saturated fat and sodium content, have been linked to depression. Studies from the United States (US) of America investigating the association between ready-to-eat food intake frequency and depression are scarce, although North America is currently the largest ready-to-eat food market.
Using crude and multivariate logistic regression models, this study explored potential associations between self-reported ready-to-eat food intake frequency and PHQ-9-based depression in US adults aged 20 years or older based on data from the cross-sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011-2018). Depression was assessed with the PHQ-9 questionnaire, a validated questionnaire and measure of reference in epidemiological depression research.
Data from n = 8,689 participants was analyzed. Participants with PHQ-9-based depression tended to be female, never married or separated and were characterized by a lower annual household income. Crude and adjusted multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed a significant association between ready-to-eat food intake frequency and depression. For each additional ready-to-eat food, the odds for PHQ-9-based depression increased by a factor of 1.014 (CI: 1.002-1.026; p = 0.022) after adjustment for sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics. Compared to those who did not report any ready-to-eat foods, participants with an average intake frequency of ≥ 1 per day had a significantly higher likelihood of depression (OR: 2.02, CI: 1.18-3.43; p = 0.011) after adjustment for sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics.
Ready-to-eat food intake frequency is associated with PHQ-9-based depression in the NHANES. Given the high popularity of ready-to-eat foods in the US, these findings have important public health nutrition implications, and warrant additional research and targeted interventions to promote healthier meals sold by food outlets.
抑郁症是当代全球公共卫生问题，也是全球致残的主要原因之一。即食食品所需的准备时间最短，旨在最大程度地方便消费者，同时将消费者的精力消耗降至最低。即食食品的营养特性，如高饱和脂肪和钠含量，与抑郁症有关。尽管北美目前是最大的即食食品市场，但来自美国的关于即食食品摄入频率与抑郁症之间关联的研究却很少。
本研究使用粗逻辑回归模型和多变量逻辑回归模型，基于横断面的美国国家健康与营养检查调查（2011 - 2018年）的数据，探讨了20岁及以上美国成年人自我报告的即食食品摄入频率与基于患者健康问卷-9（PHQ - 9）的抑郁症之间的潜在关联。抑郁症通过PHQ - 9问卷进行评估，该问卷是一份经过验证的问卷，也是流行病学抑郁症研究中的参考测量工具。
分析了n = 8689名参与者的数据。基于PHQ - 9的抑郁症患者往往为女性、从未结婚或分居，且家庭年收入较低。粗逻辑回归分析和调整后的多变量逻辑回归分析显示，即食食品摄入频率与抑郁症之间存在显著关联。在调整了社会人口统计学和生活方式特征后，每增加一份即食食品，基于PHQ - 9的抑郁症患病几率增加1.014倍（置信区间：1.002 - 1.026；p = 0.022）。与未报告食用任何即食食品的人相比，在调整了社会人口统计学和生活方式特征后，平均摄入频率≥每天1份的参与者患抑郁症的可能性显著更高（比值比：2.02，置信区间：1.18 - 3.43；p = 0.011）。
在美国国家健康与营养检查调查中，即食食品摄入频率与基于PHQ - 9的抑郁症有关。鉴于即食食品在美国非常受欢迎，这些发现具有重要的公共卫生营养意义，值得进行更多研究和有针对性的干预措施，以推广食品店销售的更健康膳食。
