Yoosuf Beema T, Gaidhane Abhay M, Vadia Nasir, Menon Soumya V, Chennakesavulu Kattela, Panigrahi Rajashree, Bushi Ganesh, Rani Anju, Sah Sanjit, Shabil Muhammed, Goh Khang Wen, Jena Diptismita
Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India; Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai, Malaysia.
Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, and Global Health Academy, School of Epidemiology and Public Health. Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education, Wardha, India.
Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2025 Sep;113(1):116882. doi: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.116882. Epub 2025 May 1.
Oropouche virus (OROV), a mosquito-borne pathogen primarily found in the Amazon basin, has attracted increasing attention due to its expanding geographical spread and recurrent outbreaks. First identified in 1955, OROV causes Oropouche fever, a febrile illness with clinical features that often overlap with those of other arboviral infections, posing significant diagnostic challenges. Arboviruses such as dengue, chikungunya, zika, and yellow fever also circulate in the same regions of South and Central America, further complicating the clinical differentiation of OROV from these infections. The primary vector for OROV in urban areas is Culicoides paraensis midges, but the virus also maintains a sylvatic transmission cycle involving Aedes serratus and Coquillettidia venezuelensis mosquitoes, along with wild vertebrate reservoirs such as sloths, non-human primates, and birds. Moreover, in 2024, over 10,000 OROV cases were reported including in previously unaffected regions with Brazil recording 5,407 cases since 2015, while recent fatalities linked to severe coagulopathy, liver failure, and adverse pregnancy outcomes remain under investigation. Currently, no specific antiviral treatments are available for OROV, and the diagnostic tools are limited, highlighting the urgent need for improved management strategies. Given the increasing number of OROV cases, there is a clear need to strengthen surveillance efforts and accelerate the development of vaccines and therapeutic interventions. This review delves into the multi-faceted approach to control OROV, incorporating surveillance, antiviral therapy, and vaccine development to mitigate the impact of this emerging pathogen. Furthermore, it provides a comprehensive overview of the epidemiology and future potential antiviral candidates and challenges in current therapeutic approaches.
奥罗普切病毒（OROV）是一种主要在亚马逊盆地发现的蚊媒病原体，由于其地理分布的扩大和疫情的反复爆发，已引起越来越多的关注。OROV于1955年首次被发现，可引起奥罗普切热，这是一种发热性疾病，其临床特征常常与其他虫媒病毒感染的特征重叠，带来了重大的诊断挑战。登革热、基孔肯雅热、寨卡病毒和黄热病等虫媒病毒也在南美洲和中美洲的相同地区传播，这使得从这些感染中临床鉴别OROV变得更加复杂。城市地区OROV的主要传播媒介是副库蠓，但该病毒也维持着一个涉及锯缘伊蚊和委内瑞拉库蚊的丛林传播循环，以及树懒、非人灵长类动物和鸟类等野生脊椎动物宿主。此外，2024年报告了超过10000例OROV病例，包括在以前未受影响的地区，自2015年以来巴西记录了5407例病例，而最近与严重凝血障碍、肝功能衰竭和不良妊娠结局相关的死亡病例仍在调查中。目前，尚无针对OROV的特异性抗病毒治疗方法，诊断工具也很有限，这凸显了改进管理策略的迫切需求。鉴于OROV病例数量不断增加，显然需要加强监测工作，并加速疫苗和治疗干预措施的开发。本综述深入探讨了控制OROV的多方面方法，包括监测、抗病毒治疗和疫苗开发，以减轻这种新兴病原体的影响。此外，它还全面概述了流行病学以及当前治疗方法中未来潜在的抗病毒候选药物和挑战。
