24-hour movement behaviours and health outcomes among forcibly displaced children affected by conflict or natural disasters: a scoping review.

BACKGROUND

While there is growing evidence on 24-hour movement behaviours (physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep) in non-displacement settings, understanding these behaviours among displaced children remains limited. This scoping review explored evidence on 24-hour movement behaviours, including active play and health among forcibly displaced children (birth to 12 years) affected by conflict or natural disasters.

METHODS

We followed JBI guidelines and PRISMA extensions for scoping reviews. Seven databases (PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and ProQuest) were searched for peer-reviewed studies published in English between January 2000 and July 2024. We used the Population, Concept and Context framework to set eligibility criteria based on our research questions. Two independent reviewers screened the records, and the first author extracted the data, which was then double-checked by a co-author. Data were analysed using narrative synthesis.

RESULTS

A total of 28 articles met the inclusion criteria, all of which relied on parent- or self-reports. Forcibly displaced children generally had low levels of physical activity, high sedentary behaviour, including excessive screen time, and disrupted sleep. Girls were less active than boys. An increased risk of obesity and developmental delays were found to be prevalent among forcibly displaced children. Disaster-related stress negatively associated with muscular strength, whereas child-friendly spaces, structured activities, and physical education enhanced the resilience and well-being of displaced children. However, a limited number of child-friendly play spaces were observed in displacement settings.

CONCLUSIONS

This scoping review highlights the urgent need to promote healthy levels of 24-hour movement behaviours and recognise the right to play among forcibly displaced children, considering limited active play spaces in such settings. Future research should prioritise mixed methods, including device-based measures, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, to gain better insights and inform humanitarian responses.