Yuan JinLing, Dong JianXin, Li Wanting, Zu YingMo, Guo YanJuan, Zhang Ying, Chen Yan
Gynaecology and Obstetrics,North China of Science and Technology University Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan Hebei, China.
Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Guangzhou, China.
Front Med (Lausanne). 2025 May 1;12:1540257. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1540257. eCollection 2025.
To investigate the expression of aquaporin 3 (AQP3) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in the decidual tissue and serum of patients with missed abortion (MA) and explore their clinical significance, evaluating their potential as diagnostic biomarkers for MA.
A total of 40 MA patients (case group) and 40 induced abortion (IA) patients (control group) were included. Immunohistochemistry (IHC), Western blot (WB), and reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) were used to detect the protein and mRNA expression of AQP3 and TGF-β1 in decidual tissue. Serum levels of AQP3 and TGF-β1 were measured by ELISA. The diagnostic efficacy was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.
The protein expression of AQP3 and TGF-β1 in the decidual tissue of the MA group was significantly higher than that of the IA group, with a 2.3-fold and 2.5-fold increase, respectively ( < 0.01), and their mRNA expression was also significantly upregulated ( < 0.01). Serum levels of AQP3 and TGF-β1 increased by 2.3-fold and 3.3-fold, respectively ( < 0.01). ROC analysis demonstrated that serum AQP3 (AUC = 0.887) and TGF-β1 (AUC = 0.949) exhibited high diagnostic accuracy for MA, with the combined detection achieving an AUC of 0.976, sensitivity of 92.5%, and specificity of 97.5%.
AQP3 and TGF-β1 are significantly overexpressed in the decidual tissue and serum of MA patients and may play a role in the pathogenesis of MA by regulating trophoblast function. The combined detection of these two biomarkers holds promise as potential diagnostic tools for MA, offering new directions for early clinical management.
探讨稽留流产（MA）患者蜕膜组织及血清中 aquaporin 3（AQP3）和转化生长因子-β1（TGF-β1）的表达情况，探索其临床意义，评估它们作为 MA 诊断生物标志物的潜力。
纳入 40 例 MA 患者（病例组）和 40 例人工流产（IA）患者（对照组）。采用免疫组织化学（IHC）、蛋白质免疫印迹法（WB）和逆转录定量聚合酶链反应（RT-qPCR）检测蜕膜组织中 AQP3 和 TGF-β1 的蛋白及 mRNA 表达。采用酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）法检测血清中 AQP3 和 TGF-β1 的水平。使用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析评估诊断效能。
MA 组蜕膜组织中 AQP3 和 TGF-β1 的蛋白表达显著高于 IA 组，分别增加了 2.3 倍和 2.5 倍（<0.01），其 mRNA 表达也显著上调（<0.01）。血清中 AQP3 和 TGF-β1 的水平分别升高了 2.3 倍和 3.3 倍（<0.01）。ROC 分析表明，血清 AQP3（AUC = 0.887）和 TGF-β1（AUC = 0.949）对 MA 具有较高的诊断准确性，联合检测的 AUC 为 0.976，敏感性为 92.5%，特异性为 97.5%。
AQP3 和 TGF-β1 在 MA 患者的蜕膜组织和血清中显著过表达，可能通过调节滋养层细胞功能在 MA 的发病机制中起作用。这两种生物标志物的联合检测有望成为 MA 的潜在诊断工具，为早期临床管理提供新方向。
