Laboratory of Improvement and Development of Plant and Animal Production, University of Ferhat Abbas, Setif, Algeria.
Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2020 Feb 18;14(2):e0008024. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008024. eCollection 2020 Feb.
Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a disease caused by various Leishmania spp., which are transmitted by phlebotomine sand flies. Algeria is one of the most affected countries, with thousands of cutaneous leishmaniasis cases registered every year. From March to November of 2016 and 2017, sand flies were collected in 12 municipalities in Setif province, North-Eastern Algeria. Sand flies were identified and females were tested by PCR for detecting Leishmania DNA. Additionally, cutaneous leishmaniasis cases notified during the study period were analysed. Out of 1804 sand flies collected, 1737 were identified as belonging to seven species, with Phlebotomus perniciosus (76.2%), Ph. papatasi (16.7%) and Ph. sergenti (5.0%) being the most common species, representing together 97.9% of the collected specimens. The remaining specimens were identified as Sergentomyia minuta, Se. fallax, Ph. longicuspis and Ph. perfiliewi. The number of sand flies collected monthly was positively correlated with temperature. Out of 804 females tested, nine Ph. perniciosus (1.1%) scored positive for Leishmania infantum (n = 5), L. major (n = 3) and L. tropica (n = 1), respectively. During the study period, 34 cutaneous leishmaniasis cases were notified in Setif, of which 58.8% were patients residing in two urban and peri-urban municipalities and 41.2% in rural areas. The finding of Ph. perniciosus as the most abundant species in Setif suggests that this sand fly may be adapted to different biotopes in the North-East region of Algeria. The detection of different Leishmania spp. in Ph. perniciosus suggests a complex epidemiological picture of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Setif, with the involvement of different etiological agents and possibly with different reservoir hosts and vectors.
皮肤利什曼病是由各种利什曼原虫引起的疾病，由沙蝇传播。阿尔及利亚是受影响最严重的国家之一，每年登记的皮肤利什曼病病例数以千计。2016 年和 2017 年 3 月至 11 月，在阿尔及利亚东北部的塞提夫省的 12 个市收集了沙蝇。对沙蝇进行了鉴定，并用 PCR 检测雌性沙蝇是否携带利什曼原虫 DNA。此外，还对研究期间报告的皮肤利什曼病病例进行了分析。在收集的 1804 只沙蝇中，有 1737 只被鉴定为 7 个种，其中佩罗蒂蝇（76.2%）、帕氏亚种（16.7%）和塞氏亚种（5.0%）最为常见，占采集标本的 97.9%。其余标本被鉴定为微小按蚊、法氏亚种、长刺亚种和菲氏亚种。每月采集的沙蝇数量与温度呈正相关。在测试的 804 只雌性沙蝇中，有 9 只佩罗蒂蝇（1.1%）对婴儿利什曼原虫（n = 5）、大沙蝇（n = 3）和热带利什曼原虫（n = 1）呈阳性。在研究期间，塞提夫报告了 34 例皮肤利什曼病病例，其中 58.8%的患者居住在两个城市和城郊市，41.2%的患者居住在农村地区。在塞提夫，佩罗蒂蝇是最丰富的物种，这表明这种沙蝇可能适应了阿尔及利亚东北部不同的生物群落。在佩罗蒂蝇中检测到不同的利什曼原虫，表明塞提夫的皮肤利什曼病存在复杂的流行病学情况，涉及不同的病原体，可能涉及不同的储存宿主和媒介。
