Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 23 Parvaneh, Yaman Street, Velenjak, Tehran, 1985717413, Iran.
Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Nord University, Bodo, Norway.
J Endocrinol Invest. 2022 May;45(5):963-972. doi: 10.1007/s40618-021-01721-2. Epub 2022 Jan 19.
Adverse intrauterine environment may predispose offspring to cardio-metabolic dysfunction in later life. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of maternal hyperandrogenism (MH) on cardio-metabolic risk factors in female offspring in later life.
This prospective population-based study included 211 female offspring with MH and 757 female offspring without MH (controls). Both groups were followed from baseline to the date of incidence of events, censoring, or end of the study period, whichever came first. Age scaled unadjusted and adjusted cox regression models were applied to assess the hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association of MH with pre-diabetes (pre-DM), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), overweight and obesity in offspring of both groups. Statistical analysis was performed using the software package STATA; significance level was set at P < 0.05.
This study revealed a higher risk of T2DM (unadjusted HR 2.67, 95% CI 1.33-5.36) and overweight (unadjusted HR 1.41, 95% CI 1.06-1.88) in female offspring with MH, compared to controls. Results remained unchanged after adjustment for potential confounders including body mass index, education, physical activity, mother's age at delivery, birth weight, and childhood obesity. However, no significant difference was observed in the risk of pre-DM and obesity in females with MH, compared to controls in both unadjusted and adjusted models.
This pioneer study with a long-term follow-up demonstrated that MH increases the risk of developing T2DM and being overweight in female offspring in later life. Further long-term population-based studies are needed to confirm these findings.
宫内不良环境可能使后代在以后的生活中易患心血管代谢功能障碍。本研究旨在探讨母体高雄激素血症（MH）对后代以后发生心血管代谢危险因素的影响。
本前瞻性基于人群的研究纳入了 211 名患有 MH 的女性后代和 757 名无 MH 的女性后代（对照组）。两组均从基线随访至事件发生、删失或研究结束日期，以先发生者为准。采用年龄标化未调整和调整后的 Cox 回归模型评估 MH 与两组后代中糖尿病前期（pre-DM）、2 型糖尿病（T2DM）、超重和肥胖的关联的风险比（HR）和 95%置信区间（CI）。统计分析使用 STATA 软件包进行；显著性水平设为 P < 0.05。
本研究显示，与对照组相比，患有 MH 的女性后代患 T2DM（未调整 HR 2.67，95%CI 1.33-5.36）和超重（未调整 HR 1.41，95%CI 1.06-1.88）的风险更高。调整潜在混杂因素，包括体重指数、教育程度、体力活动、母亲分娩年龄、出生体重和儿童肥胖后，结果仍然不变。然而，在未调整和调整模型中，患有 MH 的女性后代患 pre-DM 和肥胖的风险与对照组相比均无显著差异。
这项具有长期随访的开创性研究表明，MH 增加了女性后代以后发生 T2DM 和超重的风险。需要进一步进行长期的基于人群的研究来证实这些发现。
