Zhang Juxia, Liu Jiarui, Feng Yuping, Meng Hongyan, Wang Yunhua, Wang Jiancheng
Department of Clinical Education, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
School of Nursing, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
Front Public Health. 2025 May 8;13:1533095. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1533095. eCollection 2025.
Evidences indicate that patients with unhealthy lifestyles are at a higher risk of cognitive impairment and dementia. However, uncertainty remains about the association of lifestyles with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in less-developed areas.
We used multi-stage stratified sampling method to obtain study population aged ≥65 years, and subsequently a cross-sectional survey was produced including 509 individuals (109 MCI and 400 healthy controls) between March and June 2023. A healthy lifestyle score was defined by scoring six behaviors (non-smoking, non-drinking, exercising, sleeping duration more than 6 h, having a high-quality diet, and controlled BMI). The cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE).
The mean age was 73.8 years, and 57.6% were men of the participates, 21.4% have MCI. Subjects with more healthy lifestyle had significantly lower total score of MMSE, compared to non-MCI subjects. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that unhealthy lifestyle behaviors (smoking, drinking, non-compliance diet, harmful sleep, physical inactivity, and harmful BMI) was the significant risk factors for the presence of MCI, independent of factors as sex, age, education level, and family history of AD.
The prevalence of MCI is high, and unhealthy lifestyle is an independent risk factor for MCI in less-developed area. Highlighting the importance of changes in lifestyle behaviors which may influence the cognitive abilities of older adults, specially in settings with approximate conditions.
有证据表明，生活方式不健康的患者发生认知障碍和痴呆的风险更高。然而，在欠发达地区，生活方式与轻度认知障碍（MCI）之间的关联仍存在不确定性。
我们采用多阶段分层抽样方法获取年龄≥65岁的研究人群，随后在2023年3月至6月期间进行了一项横断面调查，纳入509名个体（109名MCI患者和400名健康对照）。通过对六种行为（不吸烟、不饮酒、锻炼、睡眠时间超过6小时、饮食质量高和体重指数得到控制）进行评分来定义健康生活方式得分。使用简易精神状态检查表（MMSE）评估认知功能。
参与者的平均年龄为73.8岁，男性占57.6%，21.4%患有MCI。与非MCI受试者相比，拥有更健康生活方式的受试者MMSE总分显著更低。多因素逻辑回归分析表明，不健康的生活方式行为（吸烟、饮酒、饮食不规律、睡眠有害、缺乏体育锻炼和体重指数有害）是MCI存在的显著危险因素，独立于性别、年龄、教育水平和阿尔茨海默病家族史等因素。
MCI的患病率很高，不健康的生活方式是欠发达地区MCI的独立危险因素。这凸显了生活方式行为改变的重要性，这些改变可能会影响老年人的认知能力，特别是在条件相近的环境中。
