Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland.
The Icelandic Gerontological Research Center, The National University Hospital of Iceland, Tungata 26, 101, Reykjavík, Iceland.
Aging Clin Exp Res. 2020 Dec;32(12):2649-2656. doi: 10.1007/s40520-020-01531-1. Epub 2020 Apr 4.
Several studies have indicated that older adults with cognitive impairment have a poorer lifestyle than their healthy peers including lower 25-hydroxy-vitamin D levels (25OHD).
To investigate the associations between lifestyle and 25OHD depending on cognitive status among old adults.
Community-dwelling old adults (65-96 years) participated in this cross-sectional study based on the Age-Gene/Environment-Susceptibility-Reykjavik-Study. The analytical sample included 5162 subjects who were stratified by cognitive status, i.e., dementia (n = 307), mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n = 492), and normal cognitive status (NCS, n = 4363). Lifestyle variables were assessed and 25OHD was measured. The associations between lifestyle and 25OHD were calculated using linear models correcting for potential confounders.
According to linear regression models, 25OHD was significantly lower in older people with dementia (53.8 ± 19.6 nmol/L) than in NCS participants (57.6 ± 17.7 nmol/L). Cod liver oil (7.1-9.2 nmol/L, P < 0.001) and dietary supplements (4.4-11.5 nmol/L, P < 0.001) were associated with higher 25OHD in all three groups. However, physical activity ≥ 3 h/week (2.82 nmol/L, P < 0.001), BMI < 30 kg/m (5.2 nmol/L, P < 0.001), non-smoking (4.8 nmol/L, P < 0.001), alcohol consumption (2.7 nmol/L, P < 0.001), and fatty fish consumption ≥ 3x/week (2.6 nmol/L, P < 0.001) were related to higher 25OHD in NCS only, but not in participants with dementia or MCI.
Older people living in Iceland with dementia are at higher risk for 25OHD deficiency when compared to healthy individuals. Physical activity reported among participants with dementia, and MCI is low and is not significantly associated with 25OHD.
Lifestyle factors among NCS participants are associated with 25OHD levels. Importantly, healthy lifestyle should be promoted among individuals with MCI and dementia.
多项研究表明，认知障碍的老年人比健康同龄人生活方式更差，包括 25-羟维生素 D 水平（25OHD）较低。
调查老年人认知状态不同时，生活方式与 25OHD 之间的关联。
这项基于年龄-基因/环境-易感性雷克雅未克研究的横断面研究纳入了社区居住的老年人（65-96 岁）。分析样本包括 5162 名根据认知状态分层的受试者，即痴呆（n=307）、轻度认知障碍（MCI，n=492）和正常认知状态（NCS，n=4363）。评估生活方式变量并测量 25OHD。使用线性模型校正潜在混杂因素，计算生活方式与 25OHD 之间的关联。
根据线性回归模型，痴呆老年人的 25OHD 明显低于 NCS 参与者（53.8±19.6 nmol/L）。鱼肝油（7.1-9.2 nmol/L，P<0.001）和膳食补充剂（4.4-11.5 nmol/L，P<0.001）与所有三组的较高 25OHD 相关。然而，每周≥3 小时的身体活动（2.82 nmol/L，P<0.001）、BMI<30 kg/m（5.2 nmol/L，P<0.001）、不吸烟（4.8 nmol/L，P<0.001）、饮酒（2.7 nmol/L，P<0.001）和每周食用≥3 次高脂肪鱼类（2.6 nmol/L，P<0.001）与 NCS 参与者的较高 25OHD 相关，但与痴呆或 MCI 参与者无关。
与健康个体相比，居住在冰岛的痴呆老年人更有可能出现 25OHD 缺乏。痴呆和 MCI 参与者报告的身体活动水平较低，与 25OHD 无显著关联。
NCS 参与者的生活方式因素与 25OHD 水平相关。重要的是，应该在 MCI 和痴呆患者中提倡健康的生活方式。
