Sabry Al-Kazafy Hassan, Ragaei Mohamed, Attia Zakaria Abdelhalim
Pests and Plant Protection Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
Discov Nano. 2025 May 25;20(1):87. doi: 10.1186/s11671-025-04218-6.
Chitosan, as a natural polysaccharide is considered the main polymer in nanopesticide formulation synthesis. As a result of the high price of chitosan, it's badly needed to find another polymer that is cheap and at the same time effective. So, starch as a natural polysaccharide was used as a polymer in nanopesticide formulations. In this work, some insecticides (acetamiprid, chlorfenapyr, emamectin benzoate, etofenprox, imidacloprid and indoxacarb) were loaded on both nanochitosan and nanostarch. By using zeta potential and particle size, the nanoparticles of all tested insecticides loaded on chitosan were 287.5, 99.9, 78.8, 696.6, 685.9 and 295.3 nm for acetamiprid, chlorfenapyr, emamectin benzoate, etofenprox, imidacloprid and indoxacarb, respectively. The corresponding results with starch were 176.1, 342.0, 647.8, 178.8, 809.1, and 68.7 nm, respectively. The zeta potential (charges) of all tested nanoformulations that loaded on chitosan were 0.9, 6.7, 4.2, 9.3, 11.1 and 4.8 mV for acetamiprid, chlorfenapyr, emamectin benzoate, etofenprox, imidacloprid and indoxacarb, respectively, while loading on starch was 4.7, 7.5, 12.9, 19.6, 28.5 and 8.6 mV, respectively. The loading capacity of all tested insecticides was 59.5, 50.6, 44.6, 55.6, 41.1 and 53.2%, respectively, for the chitosan nanocarrier; and 45.8, 46.3, 31.9, 33.7, 35.1 and 51.7%, respectively, for the starch nanocarrier. The obtained results indicated that starch was very effective as a polymer compared with chitosan. The charges of nanostarch were more than those of nanochitosan. This means that the nanostarch formulation was more homogenous than nanochitosan. These results found that starch is a very cheap material, stable, biodegradability, and ease of preparation compared with chitosan. So, starch is considered a promising polymer in nanoformulations as a carrier material, and it can be used in nanopesticide formulations.
壳聚糖作为一种天然多糖，被认为是纳米农药制剂合成中的主要聚合物。由于壳聚糖价格高昂，迫切需要找到另一种既便宜又有效的聚合物。因此，淀粉作为一种天然多糖被用作纳米农药制剂中的聚合物。在这项工作中，一些杀虫剂（啶虫脒、氯虫苯甲酰胺、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、醚菊酯、吡虫啉和茚虫威）被负载到纳米壳聚糖和纳米淀粉上。通过使用zeta电位和粒径，负载在壳聚糖上的所有测试杀虫剂的纳米颗粒，啶虫脒、氯虫苯甲酰胺、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、醚菊酯、吡虫啉和茚虫威的粒径分别为287.5、99.9、78.8、696.6、685.9和295.3纳米。淀粉的相应结果分别为176.1、342.0、647.8、178.8、809.1和68.7纳米。负载在壳聚糖上的所有测试纳米制剂的zeta电位（电荷），啶虫脒、氯虫苯甲酰胺、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、醚菊酯、吡虫啉和茚虫威分别为0.9、6.7、4.2、9.3、11.1和4.8毫伏，而负载在淀粉上的分别为4.7、7.5、12.9、19.6、28.5和8.6毫伏。壳聚糖纳米载体对所有测试杀虫剂的负载量分别为59.5%、50.6%、44.6%、55.6%、41.1%和53.2%；淀粉纳米载体的负载量分别为45.8%、46.3%、31.9%、33.7%、35.1%和51.7%。所得结果表明，与壳聚糖相比，淀粉作为聚合物非常有效。纳米淀粉的电荷比纳米壳聚糖的电荷多。这意味着纳米淀粉制剂比纳米壳聚糖更均匀。这些结果发现，与壳聚糖相比，淀粉是一种非常便宜的材料，稳定、可生物降解且易于制备。因此，淀粉被认为是纳米制剂中一种很有前途的聚合物载体材料，可用于纳米农药制剂。
