Skinner B F
Br J Psychol. 1985 Aug;76 ( Pt 3):291-301. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8295.1985.tb01953.x.
In this paper it is argued that cognitive scientists, claiming the support of brain science and computer simulation, have revived a traditional view that behaviour is initiated by an internal, autonomous mind. In doing so, they have misused the metaphor of storage and retrieval, given neurology a misleading assignment, frequently replaced controlled experimental conditions with mere descriptions of conditions and the assessment of behaviour with statements of expectations and intentions, given feelings and states of mind the status of causes of behaviour rather than the products of the causes, and failed to define many key terms in dimensions acceptable to science.
本文认为,认知科学家声称得到脑科学和计算机模拟的支持,复兴了一种传统观点,即行为是由内在的、自主的心智发起的。他们这样做时,滥用了存储和检索的隐喻,给神经学赋予了误导性的任务,经常用对条件的单纯描述取代可控的实验条件,用期望和意图的陈述取代行为评估,将感觉和心理状态视为行为的原因而非原因的产物,并且未能在科学可接受的维度上定义许多关键术语。