Díaz-Pérez Adriana, Montoya Adriana, Kong Alejandro, Cuautle Mariana, Trejo-Hernández Laura, Pacheco-Cobos Luís, Hernández-Muñoz Marco Antonio
Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Carrera de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
Centro de Investigación de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Km 10.5 Autopista San Martín Texmelucan-Tlaxcala, 90120, Ixtacuixtla, Tlaxcala, Mexico.
J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2025 May 26;21(1):36. doi: 10.1186/s13002-025-00758-4.
In Central Mexico is located an ecoturistic town in Nanacamilpa, state off Tlaxcala. The main activity of the villagers in the summertime is the ecotourism activity including gastronomic use of wild mushrooms. The aim of this paper is to describe the traditional knowledge of mushrooms and discuss the role and perspectives in the business of ecotourism.
Interviews in town and local school and forest trips with local experts were the main techniques used. To compare the number of mushrooms mentioned by persons of different age category and gender, during a free-listing task, a two-way ANOVA test was used. The local names used by interviewed persons were compared by a Chi-square analysis. A person-mushrooms network was performed using ANINHADO program.
A list of 61 species of mushrooms was generated, including 43 traditional names, selling prices, and criteria for distinguishing edible mushrooms during collection. No differences were found in the mushroom species mentioned by gender, indicating that both men and women prefer the same species. In the case of 10 most mentioned mushrooms by age group, the mushroom mentioned was dependent on the age class. The network analysis shows that experts are familiar with nearly all the mushroom species mentioned (49.0%), whereas non-experts only recognize the most notable species (9.0%).
Several wild mushroom species are important to the community of San Felipe Hidalgo; however, Lyophyllum spp. have true cultural significance. It is necessary to include activities related to mushrooms at school level to reinforce traditional knowledge of young people. Expert mushroom collectors are reliable and qualified people for the identification of wild species.
在墨西哥中部的特拉斯卡拉州纳纳卡米尔帕有一个生态旅游小镇。夏季村民的主要活动是生态旅游活动，包括将野生蘑菇用于烹饪。本文旨在描述关于蘑菇的传统知识，并探讨其在生态旅游业务中的作用和前景。
主要采用的方法是在镇上、当地学校进行访谈以及与当地专家一同进行森林考察。在一项自由列举任务中，为比较不同年龄组和性别的人提及的蘑菇数量，使用了双向方差分析测试。通过卡方分析比较受访者使用的当地名称。使用ANINHADO程序构建人 - 蘑菇网络。
列出了61种蘑菇，包括43个传统名称、售价以及采集时区分可食用蘑菇的标准。在提及的蘑菇种类上未发现性别差异，这表明男性和女性偏好相同的种类。就按年龄组提及最多的10种蘑菇而言，所提及的蘑菇取决于年龄类别。网络分析表明，专家熟悉几乎所有提及的蘑菇种类（49.0%），而非专家仅识别最知名的种类（9.0%）。
几种野生蘑菇种类对圣费利佩伊达尔戈社区很重要；然而，裂褶菌属具有真正的文化意义。有必要在学校层面纳入与蘑菇相关的活动，以强化年轻人的传统知识。专业的蘑菇采集者是识别野生物种的可靠且合格的人员。
