Tao Yameng, Yao Miaomiao, He Qi, Kang Xiaoyang, Shi Fangkai, Hu Xuan, Meng Zhiyun, Gan Hui, Gu Ruolan, Sun Yunbo, Dou Guifang, Liu Shuchen
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.
Metabolites. 2025 Apr 25;15(5):291. doi: 10.3390/metabo15050291.
: oil (XSO), containing nervonic acid and unsaturated fatty acids (93%), exhibits lipid-lowering potential; yet, its mechanisms involving gut-liver crosstalk remain unclear. This study investigated XSO's anti-hyperlipidemic effects and gut microbiota interactions. : Forty-eight Sprague Dawley male rats were divided into: normal control (NC), high-fat diet (HFD), XSO prevention (XOP, 1.4 mL/kg pre-HFD), and XSO treatment (XOT, post-HFD). Serum lipids, fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), gut microbiota (16S rRNA), and lipidomics (UPLC-MS/MS) were analyzed after 12 weeks. : XOP significantly reduced serum total cholesterol (TC, 26.8%), triglycerides (TG, 35.9%), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C, 45.9%) versus HFD ( < 0.05), while increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C, 7.98%). XOP showed enhanced hepatoprotection (AST↓ 32.6%, < 0.01). Although XSO elevated fecal acetate (1.5-fold) and butyrate (1.3-fold), these changes lacked significance ( > 0.05). The analysis of gut microbiota showed that the pro-inflammatory and were reduced at the family level in the XOP group ( < 0.05). Lipidomics identified 69 differential metabolites: XSO downregulated atherogenic cholesteryl esters and triglycerides, upregulated six phosphatidylethanolamines, and modulated aberrant lysophosphatidylcholines. : XSO alleviates hyperlipidemia through direct modulation of lipid metabolism pathways and suppression of pro-inflammatory gut microbiota. While its prebiotic potential warrants further validation, these findings highlight XSO as a functional dietary adjunct for improving lipid homeostasis and mitigating cardiovascular risks. XSO alleviates hyperlipidemia through direct modulation of lipid metabolism pathways and suppression of pro-inflammatory gut microbiota, while its prebiotic potential warrants further validation. These findings support XSO as a dietary adjunct for lipid homeostasis improvement, offering a nutritional strategy for early-stage cardiovascular risk management.
含有神经酸和不饱和脂肪酸（93%）的油（XSO）具有降血脂潜力；然而，其涉及肠-肝串扰的机制仍不清楚。本研究调查了XSO的抗高血脂作用及其与肠道微生物群的相互作用。48只雄性Sprague Dawley大鼠分为：正常对照组（NC）、高脂饮食组（HFD）、XSO预防组（XOP，高脂饮食前1.4 mL/kg）和XSO治疗组（XOT，高脂饮食后）。12周后分析血清脂质、粪便短链脂肪酸（SCFAs）、肠道微生物群（16S rRNA）和脂质组学（UPLC-MS/MS）。与高脂饮食组相比，XOP显著降低了血清总胆固醇（TC，26.8%）、甘油三酯（TG，35.9%）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C，45.9%）（P<0.05），同时提高了高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C，7.98%）。XOP显示出增强的肝脏保护作用（AST降低32.6%，P<0.01）。虽然XSO使粪便乙酸盐（1.5倍）和丁酸盐（1.3倍）升高，但这些变化无统计学意义（P>0.05）。肠道微生物群分析表明，XOP组在家族水平上促炎菌属减少（P<0.05）。脂质组学鉴定出69种差异代谢物：XSO下调了致动脉粥样硬化的胆固醇酯和甘油三酯，上调了六种磷脂酰乙醇胺，并调节了异常的溶血磷脂酰胆碱。XSO通过直接调节脂质代谢途径和抑制促炎肠道微生物群来缓解高脂血症。虽然其益生元潜力有待进一步验证，但这些发现突出了XSO作为一种功能性饮食辅助剂，可改善脂质稳态并降低心血管风险。XSO通过直接调节脂质代谢途径和抑制促炎肠道微生物群来缓解高脂血症，而其益生元潜力有待进一步验证。这些发现支持XSO作为改善脂质稳态的饮食辅助剂，为早期心血管风险管理提供了一种营养策略。
