Krashias George, Tryfonos Christina, Bashiardes Stavros, Richter Jan, Christodoulou Christina
Department of Molecular Virology, Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2371 Nicosia, Cyprus.
Postgraduate School, Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2371 Nicosia, Cyprus.
Biomedicines. 2025 May 19;13(5):1236. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines13051236.
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on healthcare systems worldwide, with severe consequences on the global economy and society. The clinical presentation of SARS-CoV-2 infection varies widely, ranging from asymptomatic cases to severe disease and death. Coinfection with other respiratory pathogens in SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals may exacerbate symptom severity and lead to poorer clinical outcomes. : This study is the first to investigate the prevalence of viral and bacterial co-infections in SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals in Cyprus. : A total of 1111 SARS-CoV-2-positive nasopharyngeal swab samples collected from non-hospitalized patients were analyzed for the presence of 18 viral and 3 bacterial respiratory pathogens. : Of these, 51 samples (4.6%) were found to have at least one additional respiratory pathogen. The most frequently detected viruses were rhinovirus/enterovirus ( = 28; 2.5%) and adenovirus ( = 8; 0.7%), while the bacterial pathogens identified were ( = 1; 0.1%) and ( = 1; 0.1%). The highest proportion of co-infections was observed in the youngest age group (<10 years), where 52.9% of co-infections were identified, followed by the 30-39 age group, which accounted for 15.7% of cases. Among single respiratory virus co-infections, rhinovirus/enterovirus (27.5%) and adenovirus (13.7%) were the most frequently detected in the <10 age group, followed by RSV (3.9%), bocavirus, influenza B, HMPV A + B, and coronavirus NL63 (each at 2%). : The current study underscores the importance of simultaneous testing for SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory pathogens, as this may have significant implications for both individual patient care and healthcare services.
新冠疫情对全球医疗系统产生了深远影响，给全球经济和社会带来了严重后果。新型冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）感染的临床表现差异很大，从无症状病例到严重疾病和死亡不等。SARS-CoV-2阳性个体合并感染其他呼吸道病原体可能会加重症状严重程度并导致较差的临床结果。本研究首次调查了塞浦路斯SARS-CoV-2阳性个体中病毒和细菌合并感染的患病率。对从非住院患者收集的1111份SARS-CoV-2阳性鼻咽拭子样本进行分析，检测其中18种病毒和3种细菌呼吸道病原体。其中，51份样本（4.6%）被发现至少感染一种其他呼吸道病原体。最常检测到的病毒是鼻病毒/肠道病毒（n = 28；2.5%）和腺病毒（n = 8；0.7%），而鉴定出的细菌病原体是肺炎链球菌（n = 1；0.1%）和卡他莫拉菌（n = 1；0.1%）。在最年轻年龄组（<10岁）中观察到合并感染的比例最高，其中52.9%的合并感染被鉴定出来，其次是30 - 39岁年龄组，占病例的15.7%。在单一呼吸道病毒合并感染中，鼻病毒/肠道病毒（27.5%）和腺病毒（13.7%）在<10岁年龄组中最常被检测到，其次是呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV，3.9%）、博卡病毒、乙型流感病毒、人偏肺病毒A + B和冠状病毒NL63（各占2%）。本研究强调了同时检测SARS-CoV-2和其他呼吸道病原体的重要性，因为这可能对个体患者护理和医疗服务都有重大影响。
