Wang Junru, Lei Qi, Jiang Hanjun, Liu Jun, Yu Xiaomu, Guo Xusheng, Tong Jingou
School of Fisheries, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang 464000, China.
Fishery Biological Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province, Xinyang 464000, China.
Genes (Basel). 2025 May 16;16(5):586. doi: 10.3390/genes16050586.
Bighead carp (), a vital species in China's freshwater ecosystems and aquaculture, has experienced significant population declines due to habitat degradation and intensive farming.
In this study, eight polymorphic microsatellite markers were utilized to examine the genotypes and genetic diversity of 320 individuals of bighead carp populations located in the middle Yangtze River. This included four wild populations (ZX, DTH, SS, WH) and six cultured populations (HH, XZ, CH, QC, CD, HG).
Wild populations exhibited significantly higher genetic diversity (mean Na = 12.25 ± 0.63, Ho = 0.802 ± 0.063) than cultured groups (mean Na = 8.85 ± 1.21, He = 0.779 ± 0.032). Low differentiation (Fst < 0.05) among wild populations indicated high connectivity with low genetic structure, whereas cultured populations CH and HG showed moderate-to-high differentiation (Fst = 0.156-0.293). Bayesian analysis (K = 7) revealed a distinct clustering of wild populations, while cultured stocks exhibited admixed genetic ancestries. Bottleneck tests confirmed recent genetic bottlenecks in three cultured populations.
Wild bighead carp populations retain a critical genetic diversity, serving as reservoirs for conservation, while intensive aquaculture practices threaten genetic integrity through allele loss and inbreeding.
鳙鱼是中国淡水生态系统和水产养殖中的重要物种，由于栖息地退化和集约化养殖，其种群数量大幅下降。
在本研究中，利用8个多态微卫星标记检测了长江中游320尾鳙鱼个体的基因型和遗传多样性。其中包括4个野生种群（ZX、DTH、SS、WH）和6个养殖种群（HH、XZ、CH、QC、CD、HG）。
野生种群的遗传多样性显著高于养殖群体（野生种群平均等位基因数Na = 12.25 ± 0.63，观测杂合度Ho = 0.802 ± 0.063；养殖群体平均等位基因数Na = 8.85 ± 1.21，期望杂合度He = 0.779 ± 0.032）。野生种群间低分化（Fst < 0.05）表明其具有高连通性和低遗传结构，而养殖种群CH和HG表现出中度到高度分化（Fst = 0.156 - 0.293）。贝叶斯分析（K = 7）显示野生种群有明显的聚类，而养殖种群呈现混合遗传祖先。瓶颈效应检验证实了三个养殖种群近期存在遗传瓶颈。
野生鳙鱼种群保留了关键的遗传多样性，可作为保护的资源库，而集约化养殖方式通过等位基因丢失和近亲繁殖威胁着遗传完整性。
