Columbres Rod Carlo A, Selokar Aryan, Jones Sybil, Wu James Fan, Ranganathan Sruthi, Chen Jenny, Magsanoc Nikko J, Magsanoc Juan Martin, Flores Jerickson Abbie, Feliciano Erin Jay G, Ho Frances Dominique V, Moraes Fabio Ynoe, Tangco Enrico D, Mahal Brandon A, Iyengar Puneeth, Nagar Himanshu, Ng Kenrick, Chua Melvin L K, Chitapanarux Imjai, Nguyen Paul L, Dee Edward Christopher
Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; College of Osteopathic Medicine, William Carey University, Hattiesburg, MS, USA.
University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Eur Urol Oncol. 2025 May 30. doi: 10.1016/j.euo.2025.05.008.
The global burden of genitourinary (GU) cancers is rising; yet, the specific burden on the diverse population of 700 million in Southeast Asia (SEA) remains poorly understood. This study presents the most updated trends in the incidence and mortality of bladder, kidney, prostate, and testicular cancer patients across SEA from 1990 to 2021.
Data from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 database were analyzed for the incidence, deaths, and age-standardized rates by sex and age of patients with four major GU cancers across 11 SEA countries from 1990 to 2021.
GU cancer incidence and mortality in SEA primarily increased from 1990 to 2021. Kidney cancer showed the greatest rise in incidence and deaths for both sexes, while prostate cancer had the largest absolute increase in male incidence and mortality. In 2021, Brunei had the highest age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) of kidney cancer for both sexes. Singapore had the highest prostate cancer ASIR, with the incidence rising in all countries except in Laos, and the Philippines recorded the highest ASMR. For bladder cancer, Thailand and Brunei recorded the highest ASIR for males and females, respectively, while Malaysia had the highest male ASMR and Brunei the female ASMR. Testicular cancer ASIR was highest in Singapore; however, ASMR in Singapore decreased over the study period, but increased or remained stable across the region.
Broadly, the rising age-standardized incidence of GU cancers in SEA reflects not only the evolving patterns of modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors, but also the development of cancer diagnostic systems and improvements in reporting infrastructure. For many SEA countries, these increases warrant enhanced resource allocation for cancer system strengthening, to support timely diagnosis and equitable access to affordable, effective treatment. Regional and international collaboration is essential to promote equity in access to cancer care in SEA.
泌尿生殖系统（GU）癌症的全球负担正在上升；然而，东南亚（SEA）7亿不同人群所承受的具体负担仍知之甚少。本研究呈现了1990年至2021年东南亚地区膀胱癌、肾癌、前列腺癌和睾丸癌患者发病率和死亡率的最新趋势。
分析了全球疾病负担2021数据库中1990年至2021年11个东南亚国家四种主要泌尿生殖系统癌症患者按性别和年龄划分的发病率、死亡人数及年龄标准化率。
1990年至2021年，东南亚地区泌尿生殖系统癌症的发病率和死亡率总体呈上升趋势。肾癌在男性和女性中的发病率和死亡人数上升幅度最大，而前列腺癌在男性发病率和死亡率方面的绝对增幅最大。2021年，文莱男女肾癌的年龄标准化发病率（ASIR）和年龄标准化死亡率（ASMR）最高。新加坡前列腺癌的ASIR最高，除老挝外所有国家的发病率均呈上升趋势，菲律宾的ASMR最高。对于膀胱癌，泰国和文莱分别记录了男性和女性的最高ASIR，而马来西亚男性ASMR最高，文莱女性ASMR最高。新加坡睾丸癌的ASIR最高；然而，新加坡的ASMR在研究期间有所下降，但该地区其他国家则有所上升或保持稳定。
总体而言，东南亚地区泌尿生殖系统癌症年龄标准化发病率的上升不仅反映了可改变和不可改变风险因素的演变模式，也反映了癌症诊断系统的发展和报告基础设施的改善。对于许多东南亚国家来说，这些增长需要增加资源分配以加强癌症系统，以支持及时诊断并公平获得负担得起的有效治疗。区域和国际合作对于促进东南亚地区癌症护理的公平获取至关重要。
