Lak Vincent, Sjöland Helen, Adiels Martin, Lundberg Christina E, Robertson Josefina, Åberg Maria, Alex Christian, Lindgren Martin, Rosengren Annika
Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Department of Medicine Geriatrics and Emergency Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Östra Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden.
J Intern Med. 2025 Aug;298(2):107-122. doi: 10.1111/joim.20102. Epub 2025 Jun 4.
Long COVID is defined as otherwise unexplained symptoms following a SARS-CoV-2 infection.
To examine the prevalence of preexisting symptoms compatible with long COVID in individuals with a diagnosis of long COVID.
This retrospective, observational study included the adult population (aged 18 years and older) in Region Västra Götaland, with at least one recorded healthcare contact between January 1, 2020, and November 30, 2023, from a regional database comprising all levels of healthcare contacts. Data on long COVID, relevant symptoms before and after the pandemic started (2016-2023), and SARS-CoV-2 infection status were extracted using the International Classification of Diseases version 10 (ICD-10) codes. Individuals who had been hospitalized due to a SARS-CoV-2 infection were considered separately.
Out of 1,415,885 individuals, 9202 (0.6%) had been diagnosed with long COVID. Among the non-hospitalized individuals, the record of at least one of the relevant symptoms was more common in those with long COVID compared to those without it (57.6% vs. 36.3% for men and 71.6% vs. 50.4% for women), already before January 1, 2020. Among individuals with any relevant symptom, the odds ratios (ORs) of having long COVID were OR = 2.28 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.10-2.48) for men and OR = 2.32 (95% CI = 2.18-2.48 for women) after adjusting for age group, obesity, asthma, and anxiety, compared with individuals without any relevant symptom.
Individuals diagnosed with long COVID had more healthcare contacts for relevant symptoms even before the pandemic compared to individuals without long COVID.
长期新冠被定义为新型冠状病毒感染后出现的无法用其他原因解释的症状。
研究确诊为长期新冠的个体中与长期新冠相符的既往症状的患病率。
这项回顾性观察性研究纳入了西约塔兰地区的成年人群（18岁及以上），这些个体在2020年1月1日至2023年11月30日期间至少有一次医疗接触记录，数据来自一个包含各级医疗接触的区域数据库。使用国际疾病分类第10版（ICD-10）编码提取关于长期新冠、疫情开始前（2016 - 2023年）和之后的相关症状以及新型冠状病毒感染状况的数据。因新型冠状病毒感染住院的个体单独进行考虑。
在1,415,885名个体中，9202人（0.6%）被诊断为长期新冠。在未住院的个体中，与未患长期新冠的个体相比，至少有一种相关症状的记录在患长期新冠的个体中更为常见（男性为57.6%对36.3%，女性为71.6%对50.4%），甚至在2020年1月1日之前就是如此。在有任何相关症状的个体中，与没有任何相关症状的个体相比，在调整年龄组、肥胖、哮喘和焦虑因素后，男性患长期新冠的比值比（OR）为OR = 2.28（95%置信区间[CI] = 2.10 - 2.48），女性为OR = 2.32（95% CI = 2.18 - 2.48）。
与未患长期新冠的个体相比，确诊为长期新冠的个体在疫情之前就因相关症状有更多的医疗接触。
