Hu Ke, Zhang Xudong, Li Yuhui, Wang Zian, Li Yaohan
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Technology Innovation Center of Oral Health, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
BMC Oral Health. 2025 Jun 4;25(1):911. doi: 10.1186/s12903-025-06309-3.
Omics analysis can identify new biomarkers at various levels and illuminate the molecular mechanisms of disease. As the furthest downstream of omics analyses, metabolomics reveals rapid and direct changes and has become an important marker for many diseases. Key metabolites can promote the development of diseases. Screening important metabolites to identify biomarkers can not only provide diagnostic standards and identification points in clinical diagnosis but also guide research on molecularly targeted therapies for clinical use. However, the application of metabolomics in oral diseases is not yet mature. This paper reviews the metabolomics analysis of oral and maxillofacial pathology and analyses the changes in metabolites from different perspectives, such as diagnosis and treatment. Common diseases associated with oral and maxillofacial pathology were used as search terms to screen the literature on metabolomics. Finally, a total of 51 articles were selected. Metabolomic analysis has been performed for ameloblastomas, odontogenic keratocysts, salivary gland tumours, oral cancer, and periapical disease. In particular, relatively comprehensive metabolomics analyses of oral cancer, including risk factors and the effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy on metabolites, have been performed. In addition, studies have focused on metabolites of oral cancer determined using different types of samples or different types of instruments. In summary, this review discusses the metabolomic analysis of common diseases related to oral and maxillofacial pathology. This analysis aims to elucidate the gaps in the metabolic spectrum of oral and maxillofacial pathology and the challenges that further research needs to address, thus suggesting research directions and strategies to cope with challenges and identify valuable metabolic markers to guide the diagnosis and treatment of diseases related to oral and maxillofacial pathology, which may help to inhibit disease development and progression and thereby improve patient survival rates and quality of life.
组学分析可以在各个层面识别新的生物标志物，并阐明疾病的分子机制。作为组学分析的最下游，代谢组学揭示了快速而直接的变化，已成为许多疾病的重要标志物。关键代谢物可促进疾病发展。筛选重要代谢物以识别生物标志物，不仅可为临床诊断提供诊断标准和识别要点，还可指导临床分子靶向治疗的研究。然而，代谢组学在口腔疾病中的应用尚不成熟。本文综述了口腔颌面病理学的代谢组学分析，并从诊断和治疗等不同角度分析了代谢物的变化。以与口腔颌面病理学相关的常见疾病为检索词，筛选代谢组学方面的文献。最终共筛选出51篇文章。已对成釉细胞瘤、牙源性角化囊肿、涎腺肿瘤、口腔癌和根尖周病进行了代谢组学分析。特别是，已对口腔癌进行了较为全面的代谢组学分析，包括危险因素以及放疗和化疗对代谢物的影响。此外，研究还聚焦于使用不同类型样本或不同类型仪器测定的口腔癌代谢物。总之，本综述讨论了与口腔颌面病理学相关常见疾病的代谢组学分析。该分析旨在阐明口腔颌面病理学代谢谱中的差距以及进一步研究需要解决的挑战，从而提出应对挑战的研究方向和策略，并识别有价值的代谢标志物以指导口腔颌面病理学相关疾病的诊断和治疗，这可能有助于抑制疾病发展和进程，从而提高患者生存率和生活质量。
