Xiao Sheng, Zhao Yanling, Deng Hairong, Ren He
College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing, D11 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China.
Academy of Eco-Civilization Development for Jing-Jin-Ji Megalopolis, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China.
J Environ Manage. 2025 Aug;389:126098. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.126098. Epub 2025 Jun 9.
Effective water resource management requires a comprehensive understanding of freshwater service flow (FSF) processes and their interactions with mine restoration strategies. This study develops a novel framework integrating FSF dynamics with regional risk assessment to address ecological restoration and resource management in mining-affected areas, demonstrated through Liaoning Province, China. The model integrates land use change scenarios based on different mine restoration strategies and evaluates their impacts in 24 simulations based on restoration strategies and social demand. Quantitative analysis reveals significant spatial differences in freshwater services supply and demand, with vegetation proportion and landscape connectivity having important mediating effects in their dynamics. The flow network is relatively complete, but upstream inflows are essential to alleviate resource pressure, particularly in western regions with limited or no inflows. Among 24 simulated scenarios, the food supply scenario under reduced demand (Scenario 10) exhibit optimal flow patterns, while the combined development scenario under growth demand (scenario 8) highlights vulnerabilities. Under a unified demand context, the surplus range of the combined development (CD) scenario is the smallest, while that of the ecological protection (EP) scenario is the largest, closely related to differences in restoration measures. Risk assessments reveal pronounced spatial disparities: core and improvement zones in the central Liao River and Taizi River basins exhibit low risks, while protection and restoration zones in the western Daling River basin face critical supply-demand states requiring focused interventions. Vulnerable zones, characterized by limited ecological functioning and no external inflows, necessitate moderate artificial measures. This research highlights the profound impact of mine restoration strategies on FSF dynamics and their role in reducing ecological risks. The proposed framework provides actionable insights for integrating FSF processes into environmental management, contributing to sustainable resource use and risk control in mining-impacted regions.
有效的水资源管理需要全面了解淡水服务流（FSF）过程及其与矿山恢复策略的相互作用。本研究开发了一个将FSF动态与区域风险评估相结合的新颖框架，以解决受采矿影响地区的生态恢复和资源管理问题，并在中国辽宁省进行了实例展示。该模型整合了基于不同矿山恢复策略的土地利用变化情景，并根据恢复策略和社会需求在24次模拟中评估了它们的影响。定量分析揭示了淡水服务供需的显著空间差异，植被比例和景观连通性在其动态变化中具有重要的中介作用。水流网络相对完整，但上游流入对于缓解资源压力至关重要，特别是在没有或几乎没有流入的西部地区。在24个模拟情景中，需求减少情况下的粮食供应情景（情景10）呈现出最优的水流模式，而需求增长情况下的综合开发情景（情景8）则凸显了脆弱性。在统一需求背景下，综合开发（CD）情景的盈余范围最小，而生态保护（EP）情景的盈余范围最大，这与恢复措施的差异密切相关。风险评估揭示了明显的空间差异：辽河和太子河流域中部的核心区和改善区风险较低，而大凌河流域西部的保护区和恢复区面临关键的供需状态，需要重点干预。以生态功能有限且无外部流入为特征的脆弱区需要适度的人工措施。本研究强调了矿山恢复策略对FSF动态的深远影响及其在降低生态风险方面的作用。所提出的框架为将FSF过程纳入环境管理提供了可操作的见解，有助于受采矿影响地区的可持续资源利用和风险控制。
